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Contents
Part I--General Discussion of Mineral Waters
Chapter I--The Sources of Mineral Waters
Some definitions
Statistics gathered by United States government
Origin of mineral waters
Rain water
Sea water
What is a mineral water?
Changes that mineral waters may undergo
Gases in mineral waters
Nitrogen, argon, helium
Oxygen, carbon dioxid, hydrogen sulfid, marsh gas
The formation of saline springs
The influence of heated water
Thermal or warm springs
Chapter II--Use of Mineral Waters
External use of mineral waters-bathing
Effect on the system
Internal use of waters
Early opinions
Use of waters at home
Action of waters on the system
Chapter III--Therapeutics of Mineral Waters
Action of mineral waters on the system
Some popular fallacies
Scientific use of waters
Advantage of using natural waters
Ions are present in solutions
List of elements found in waters
Acid, alkaline and neutral waters
General action of acids and alkalies
Action of acid waters on the system
Action of alkaline waters on the system
Therapeutic action of individual elements
A--Base-forming elements:
Aluminum
Ammonium
Barium
Calcium
Iron
Lithium
Magnesium
Manganese
Potassium
Sodium
Strontium
B--Acid-forming elements:
Arsenates
Bromids
Carbonates
Chlorids
Hydrocarbonates
Iodids
Nitrates
Phosphates
Silicates
Sulfates
Sulfur
Objections urged against the use of mineral waters
Chapter IV--Brines and their Industrial Use
The development of the salt industry in America
Salt in Kansas
Salt marshes
The pioneer salt manufacturer
Rock salt
Composition of rock salt
Evaporated salt
The solar process
Composition of brine and of salt
Manufacture of salt by direct heat
The pan process
Composition of brines
The grainer process
The vacuum process
Comparison of Kansas salts with other brands
Future of the salt industry
Chapter V--Theory of Solutions, By Prof. H. P. Cady
Solutions defined
Theory of ionization
Action of solvents
Degree of dissociation
Combination of elements in water analysis
Therapeutic properties rest largely in the ions
Occurrence of ions in mineral waters
Chapter VI--Methods of Analysis, of Calculation, and of Stating Results
A--Methods of analysis:
Determination of total solids
Determination of bases
Determination of silica
Determination of iron and aluminum
Determination of calcium
Determination of magnesium
Determination of sulfuric acid
Determination of potassium and sodium
Determination of sodium carbonate
Determination of chlorin and lithium
Determination of barium, strontium, borate ion, bromin, iodid, fluorin, and the nitrate ion
B--Methods of calculation and of stating results
Statement of ions and radicals
Statement of "combination"
Grams per liter
Grains per gallon
Table of factors used in water-analysis calculations, by D. F. McFarland
Chapter VII--Classification of Mineral Waters
The French system
The German system
Doctor Buck's method
Doctor Walton's method
Doctor Anderson's method
Professor Schweitzer's classification
Doctor Crook's classification
Method of classification adopted
Chapter VIII--Prospecting and Boring for Mineral Waters, by W. R. Crane
A--Prospecting
Relation between prospecting for water and oil
Location of the well
Quality of the water dependent on the strata pierced
B--Drills and drilling
The churn drill
The diamond drill
The Davis-calyx drill
Description of the churn drill
Method of operation of the churn drill
Description of the diamond drill
Method of operation of the diamond drill
Description of the calyx drill
Method of operation of the calyx drill
Casing of drill holes
Opening up and cleaning out wells
Chapter IX--Artificial Mineral Waters and Carbonated Beverages
Imitation of natural waters; history
Manufacture of artificial waters
Use of carbon dioxid to retain mineral salts in solution
Materials used by manufacturers
Manufacture of carbon dioxid
The Geneva system
The continuous system
The intermittent system
The liquid carbon-dioxid system
Materials used in the manufacture of carbon-dioxid gas
Properties of carbon dioxid
Methods of using the liquified carbon-dioxid gas
Carbonated and saccharine beverages
Character of water used
Conditions fatal to growth of micro-organisms
Materials used in the manufacture of "soda water," "pop," "sarsaparilla," "birch beer," etc.
Sugar
Glucose
Honey
Saccharine
Fruit syrups
Compound syrups
Coloring mater
Essential oils and extracts
Process of bottling
Part II--Mineral Waters of Kansas, Arranged and Classified, with Analyses
General description
Abilene
Arkansas City
Atchison, A. B. C. laundry
Atchison, diamond-drill prospect well
Atchison, Becker's well
Eureka
Fay
Hudson
Geuda Springs
Independence
Lawrence
Leavenworth
Marion
Mound City
Mound Valley
Overbrook
Rosedale
Saint Paul
Comparison of similar waters
Comparison of Abilene artesian well with other waters
Comparison of waters of the chlorid group
General description
Abilene
Ball's well, Baxter
Blasing's well, Manhattan
Burr Oak
Capioma
Carbondale
Centralia
Conway
Council Grove
Fagan
Marion (Chingawassa Springs)
Madison
Neuchatel
Parsons
Stotler
Sun Springs
Sycamore Springs
Victoria
Walton
White Rock
Williamsburg
Comparison of similar waters
Comparison of waters of the sulfate group
Chapter XII--The Chlor-Sulfate Group
General discussion
Carbondale, Merrill spring
Great Bend
Great Spirit Spring (Waconda)
Leavenworth
Lincoln Springs
Little River
Marion, upper vein
Overbrook
Topeka, Boon well
Topeka, Phillips well
Comparison of similar waters
Chapter XIII--The Carbonate Group
General description
Formation of insoluble carbonates
Atchison, Dixon's well
Baxter Springs
Bonner Springs
Chautauqua Springs
Coffeyville
Eagle Springs
Eudora
Kickapoo springs, Leavenworth
Moodyville
Murphy's Springs
Onaga, Hoover's spring
Ottawa, Sylvan springs
Stanley spring
Comparison of similar waters
Chapter XIV--The Chlor-Carbonate Group
General description
Cherryvale well
Iola well
Norwood, Miller's
Paola well
Piqua well
Wyandotte gas well
Comparison of similar waters
General description
Sulfur waters as city supplies
Recognition of a sulfur water
Brookville
Cherokee
Cloud county spring
Columbus
Fort Scott, artesian
Fort Scott, sulfo-magnesian
Girard
Moss springs well
Madison sulfur well
Pittsburg
Wakefield sulfur well
Comparison of similar waters
Chapter XVI--The Chalybeate (Iron) Group
General description
Source of iron in waters
Source of alum waters
Arrington
Atchison, McDuff's spring
Atchison, Electric Light Company's well
Bonner Springs, Forest Lake well
Bonner Springs, Forest Lake iron spring
Coyville
Independence, Parkhurst's spring
La Cygne
Clarus spring, Woodson county
Lawrence city supply
Louisville
Mahaska well, Washington county
Muscotah
Topeka mineral well
Topeka, Capital well
Wetmore, Nemaha county
Comparison of similar waters
Chapter XVII--The Special Group
General description
Baxter Springs
Jewell county lithia spring
Providence well
Comparison of similar waters
Some lithium waters
Some bromin and iodin waters
Chapter XVIII--The Soft-Water Group
General description
Use of these waters as medicinal agents
Parker's spring, Atchison
Brookville
California spring
Cave spring
Chico springs
Clarus spring, Batesville
Conway Springs
Delaware Springs
Linwood spring
Sand springs, Abilene
Comparison of similar waters
Chapter XIX--Geological Distribution of Mineral Springs and Wells, by W. R. Crane
Relation between the depth of a well and the source of the water
Wells and springs in different geological areas
Discussion of wells and springs by formation
Subcarboniferous
Cherokee county
Lower Carboniferous
Cherokee county
Crawford county
Bourbon county
Linn county
Neosho county
Upper Carboniferous
Labette county
Montgomery county
Chautauqua county
Wilson county
Greenwood county
Woodson county
Allen county
Lyon county
Morris county
Osage county
Franklin county
Douglas county
Shawnee county
Riley county
Leavenworth county
Atchison county
Doniphan county
Brown county
Nemaha county
Wyandotte county
Permian
Sumner county
Butler county
Harvey county
Marion county
Dickinson county
McPherson county
Saline county
Geary county
Clay county
Pottawatomie county
Nemaha county
Red Beds or Upper Permian
Sumner county,
Dakota
Barton county
Rice county
Cloud county
Tertiary
Cowley county
Reno county
Upper Cretaceous
Mitchell county
Ellis county
Russell county
Jewell county
General discussion of geological position
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Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Placed on web April 7, 2017; originally published 1902.
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