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Part II--The Mineral Waters of Kansas, Arranged and Classified, with Analyses, continued
Chapter XVII--Special Group
There has been, and in fact still is, considerable discussion as to the action on the system of those substances present in small quantity in waters. If we hold to the theory that the therapeutic action comes mostly from the ions, then the effect may not be as insignificant as would at first appear. (See chapter V.)
It is no doubt true that this special group might be greatly enlarged if a more complete analysis had been made of some of the waters of the state. One has but to study the very complete analyses of the waters of the Yellowstone Park (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. No. 47, Gooch and Whitfield), in which in some cases the search for rare elements was extended to include lithium, boric acid, barium, strontium, ammonium, caesium, rubidium, and manganese, to see what a more complete analysis will reveal. It would be sutprising if further investigation did not show an equally large variety of elements in the Kansas waters.
The special substances considered in this group are lithium, barium, strontium, bromin, iodin, flourin, boric acid, and arsenic, and their therapeutic qualities have been previously considered. (See chapter III.)
This group is represented by the following waters:
- Baxter Springs, Cherokee county, No. 1.
- Baxter Springs, Cherokee county, No. 5.
- Fort Scott, Bourbon county, artesian well.
- Rosedale, Johnson county, geyser well.
- Independence, Montgomery county, brom-magnesian well.
- Jewell county, lithia spring.
- Providence, Butler county.
Baxter Springs, No. 1, "Iron Spring"
For description, see chapter XIII.
| Grams per liter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ions | Radicals | |||
| Sodium (Na) | .0117 | Sodium oxid (Na2O) | .0158 | |
| Potassium (K) | .0045 | Potassium oxid (K2O) | .0055 | |
| Lithium (Li) | .0004 | Lithium oxid (Li2O) | .0009 | |
| Calcium (Ca) | .1353 | Calcium oxid (CaO) | .1894 | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | .0670 | Magnesium oxid (MgO) | .1116 | |
| Iron (Fe) | .0035 | Iron oxid (FeO) | .0045 | |
| Chlorin (Cl) | .0141 | Chlorin (Cl) | .0141 | |
| Sulfuric acid ion (SO4) | .1711 | Sulfuric anhydrid (SO3) | .1426 | |
| Silicic acid ion (SiO3) | .0149 | Silica (SiO2) | .0118 | |
| Water (H2O) | .0825 | |||
| Carbonic anhydrid (CO2) | .4045 | |||
| Oxygen equivalent | .0032 | |||
| Total | .9800 | |||
Hypothetically combined as follows:
| Grams per liter |
Grains per gallon |
|
|---|---|---|
| Sodium chlorid (NaCl) | .0164 | .9579 |
| Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) | .0161 | .9404 |
| Potassium chlorid (KCl) | .0087 | .5082 |
| Lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO3) | .0041 | .2395 |
| Calcium bicarbonate (CaH2(CO3)2) | .5480 | 32.0086 |
| Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) | .2001 | 11.6878 |
| Magnesium bicarbonate (MgH2(CO3)2) | .1637 | 9.5617 |
| Iron bicarbonate (FeH2(CO3)2) | .0111 | .6485 |
| Silica (SiOs) | .0118 | .6892 |
| Totals | .9800 | 57.2418 |
| Analysis by E. B. Knerr. | ||
Baxter Springs No. 5, Newhouse Spring
For description, see chapter XIII.
| Grams per liter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ions | Radicals | |||
| Sodium (Na) | .0171 | Sodium oxid (Na2O) | .0232 | |
| Potassium (K) | .0165 | Potassium oxid (K2O) | .0200 | |
| Lithium (Li) | .0002 | Lithium oxid (Li2O) | .0005 | |
| Calcium (Ca) | .0895 | Calcium oxid (CaO) | .1252 | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | .0101 | Magnesium oxid (MgO) | .0169 | |
| Iron (Fe) | .0022 | Iron oxid (FeO) | .0029 | |
| Nitrous acid ion (NO2) | .0001 | Chlorin (Cl) | .0344 | |
| Nitric acid ion (NO3) | .0124 | Nitrous anhydrid (N2O3) | .0001 | |
| Sulfuric acid ion (SO4) | .0621 | Nitric anhydrid (N2O5) | .0093 | |
| Silicic acid ion (SiO3) | .0150 | Sulfuric anhydrid (SO3) | .0518 | |
| Silica (SiO2) | .0150 | |||
| Water (H2O) | .0371 | |||
| Carbonic anhydrid (CO2) | .1819 | |||
| Oxygen equivalent | .0070 | |||
| Total | .5113 | |||
Hypothetically combined as follows:
| Grams per liter |
Grains per gallon |
|
|---|---|---|
| Sodium chlorid (NaCl) | .0436 | 2.5467 |
| Potassium chlorid (KCl) | .0166 | .9696 |
| Potassium nitrite (KNO2O) | .0001 | .0058 |
| Potassium nitrate (KNO3) | .0202 | 1.1799 |
| Lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO3) | .0019 | .1110 |
| Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) | .0307 | 1.7932 |
| Calcium bicarbonate (CaH2(CO3)2) | .3256 | 19.0183 |
| Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) | .0505 | 2.9497 |
| Iron bicarbonate (FeH2(CO3)2) | .0071 | .4147 |
| Silica (SiO2) | .0150 | .8761 |
| Totals | .5113 | 29.8650 |
| Analysis by E. B. Knerr. | ||
Lithium Spring, Omio, Jewell County
(Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., vol, X, p. 63)
Grams per liter |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ions | Radicals | |||
| Sodium (Na) | .1861 | Sodium oxid (Na2O) | .2509 | |
| Potassium (K) | .2826 | Potassium oxid (K2O) | .3406 | |
| Lithium (Li) | .0053 | Lithium oxid (Li2O) | .0115 | |
| Calcium (Ca) | .4753 | Calcium oxid (CaO) | .6654 | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | .7135 | Magnesium oxid (MgO) | 1.1892 | |
| Iron (Fe) | trace | Iron oxid (FeO) | trace | |
| Aluminum (Al) | .1029 | Aluminum oxid (Al2O3) | .1940 | |
| Chlorin (Cl) | .1491 | Chlorin (Cl) | .1491 | |
| Sulfuric acid ion (SO4) | 5.0640 | Sulfuric anhydrid (SO3) | 4.2200 | |
| Boric acid ion (B4O7) | .0065 | Boric anhydrid (B4O6) | .0039 | |
| Silicic acid ion (SiO3) | .1090 | Silicic anhydrid (SiO2) | .0862 | |
| Analysis by G. H. Failyer and J. T. Willard. | ||||
Providence Mineral Well
This well is situated at Providence, Richland township, in the southwest corner of Butler county. It is nine miles east of Mulvane, on the Santa Fe railroad, and six miles southwest of Douglass, on a branch of the same line. In 1873 C. F. Dunnell bored for water on the divide between Walnut and Maple creeks, and, striking rock at Ii, depth of ten feet, he blasted it for thirty feet and then bored with a six-inch drill, when, at the depth of 144 feet, the drill dropped into a white sand and water rose in the well to a depth of eighty-four feet.
This water was found to contain considerable mineral matter, so the well was abandoned; but later the water was tried for medicinal purposes by the farmers in the vicinity, with such satisfactory results that the owner erected a windmill for pumping the water and began selling it to his customers. There is an abundance of free carbon-dioxid gas in the water, which makes it quite satisfactory as a beverage. This might also be classified as a chlor-sulfate water.
Improvements
On this property, which is owned by Mrs. Laura F. Wright (Douglass P.O.), is a hotel with ten rooms for lodging, and dining-room, with spacious verandas. Two dwellings and a bath-house with four baths have been erected. At one time the water was kept on draft in Wichita, both in the natural condition and carbonated, but recently no attempt has been made to utilize the water.
| Providence Mineral Well Grams per liter |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ions | Radicals | |||
| Sodium (Na) | .4300 | Sodium oxid (Na2O) | .5690 | |
| Potassium (K) | .0367 | Potassium oxid (K2O) | .0442 | |
| Lithium (Li) | .0299 | Lithium oxid (Li2O) | .0069 | |
| Barium (Ba) | trace | Barium oxid (BaO) | trace | |
| Strontium (Sr) | trace | Strontium oxid (SrO) | trace | |
| Calcium (Ca) | .6195 | Calcium oxid (CaO) | .8696 | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | .1534 | Magnesium oxid (MgO) | .2555 | |
| Iron (Fe) | .0027 | Iron oxid (FeO) | .0035 | |
| Aluminum (Al) | trace | Aluminum oxid (Al2O3) | trace | |
| Chlorin (Cl) | .5263 | Chlorin (Cl) | .5263 | |
| Sulfuric acid ion (SO4) | 2.0354 | Sulfuric anhydrid (SO3) | 1.6957 | |
| Phosphoric acid ion (PO4) | trace | Phosphoric anhydrid (P2O5) | trace | |
| Carbonic acid ion (CO3) | .6300 | Carbonic anhydrid (CO2) | .2743 | |
| Silicic acid ion (SiO3) | .0511 | Water (H2O) | .0564 | |
| Organic matter | trace | Silica (SiO2) | .0403 | |
| Organic matter | trace | |||
| Oxygen equivalent | .1189 | |||
| Total | 4.2228 | |||
Hypothetically combined as follows:
| Grams per liter |
Grains per gallon |
|
|---|---|---|
| Sodium chlorid (NaCl) | .8682 | 50.712 |
| Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) | .2477 | 14.468 |
| Sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) | trace | trace |
| Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) | .0817 | 4.772 |
| Lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO3) | .0315 | 1.839 |
| Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) | 2.1031 | 122.842 |
| Barium bicarbonate (BaH2(CO3)2) | trace | trace |
| Strontium bicarbonate (SrH2(CO3)2) | trace | trace |
| Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) | .4241 | 24.771 |
| Magnesium bicarbonate (MgH2(CO3)2) | .4176 | 24.392 |
| Iron bicarbonate (FeH2(OOs)2 | .0086 | .502 |
| Aluminum oxid (Al2O3) | trace | trace |
| Silica (SiO2) | .0403 | 2.355 |
| Organic matter | trace | trace |
| Totals | 4.2228 | 246.653 |
| Analysis by J. H. Banks. | ||
Comparison of Similar Waters
Lithium, as previously noted, is not an abundant element. The amount found in some waters is as follows:
Grains per gallon. .| Grains per gallon | |
|---|---|
| Geneva Springs, New York | 1.55 |
| Champion Spouting Spring, Saratoga, New York | .62 |
| Congress (Saratoga) | .47 |
| Geyser, spouting (Saratoga) | .90 |
| United States (Saratoga) | .48 |
| Artesian lithia, Ballston, N. Y. | .77 |
| Artesian well, Ballston, N. Y. | .56 |
| Franklin well, Ballston, N. Y. | .67 |
| Condo-detonean, Ballston, N. Y. | .76 |
| Bonifacias, Salzschliff, Germany | 4.49 |
| Temple brunnen, Germany | 3.36 |
| Kreutznach, Germany, Elisabeth quelle | 1.35 |
| Baden-Baden, Germany, Haupt Stollan | 1.12 |
| Kissingen, Germany | .53 |
Bromids and iodids, although never present in large quantities, are regarded of great importance, on account of their therapeutic action. The amount of bromin and iodin, calculated as grains per gallon, in some well-known waters, is mentioned below.
| Bromin | Iodin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ocean water | 24.20 | ||
| Dead Sea | 121.50 | ||
| Saratoga, N. Y.: | |||
 |
Congress | 6.72 | .12 |
|
Champion Spouting | 2.78 | .19 |
|
Excelsior | 3.59 | |
|
Washington | 1.90 | |
| Ballston, N. Y.: | |||
|
Artesian lithia | 2.83 | .10 |
|
Franklin artesian | 3.60 | .20 |
|
Condo-detonean | 1.83 | .18 |
|
Sans Souci | 1.17 | |
| Watkins, N. Y.: Deerlick Spring | .46 | .03 | |
| Kentucky: | |||
|
Green Springs | 11.24 | |
|
Upper Blue Lick | 2.96 | .13 |
| Virginia: Jordan, alum | .60 | ||
| West Virginia: Iodin spring | .65 | .63 | |
| Canada: | |||
|
Saline, Ontario | .76 | .07 |
|
Caxton, Springs | 1.55 | |
| Germany: | |||
|
Csiz, Hygiea | 7.18 | 2.45 |
|
Hall, Tassilo | 4.14 | 1.51 |
|
Heilbrunn, Adelhaid | .38 | 1.47 |
|
Salzbrunn, Römer | .82 | |
|
Kreuznach, Oranien | 11.74 | .05 |
|
Salzschliff, Grossluderer | 6.89 | |
|
Kissingen, Bitterwasser | 5.78 | |
|
Baden-Baden, Büll | .58 | |
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Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Placed on web April 7, 2017; originally published 1902.
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