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Dakota Aquifer--Appendices

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Water Resources of the Dakota Aquifer in Kansas Appendix

Donald O. Whittemore, P. Allen Macfarlane, and Blake B. Wilson

Cover of the appendix; white paper with black text, blue title text.

Published online in 2015 as additional material for Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 260. An Acrobat PDF version (29 MB) is also available.

The first of the following two sections provides additional detail for the determination of the locations and percent Dakota yield for wells pumping water from the Dakota aquifer with water rights (the section entitled "Location and Amount of Water Use" in the bulletin). The second section is an expanded version of the section on "Groundwater Geochemistry."

Acknowledgments

Several students and staff at the KGS contributed to the development of information and data on groundwater geochemistry as part of the Dakota Aquifer Program. Tyan-ming Chu conducted his Ph.D. dissertation on hydrogeochemical processes in the Dakota aquifer, including numerical modeling of the evolution of groundwater geochemistry, especially as affected by cation exchange. He also participated with the author of this appendix in the collection of some of the samples from water-supply wells in the Dakota aquifer. Rogheyeh Eskrootchi, Elizabeth Grieve, Xiaodong Jian, Brian Wardlow, Brownie Wilson, and John Woods worked on or assisted in various aspects of the chemical data base and generation of regional maps of chemical constituents in Dakota aquifer waters. Roger Boeken determined resistivities from geophysical logs in northwest Kansas for estimating total dissolved solids concentration in the Dakota aquifer where there are no or very little sample data and used the study for his M.S. thesis. Don Butcher, Kansas Corporation Commission, collected samples from Hays test wells, and staff of Ground Water Associates, Inc. of Wichita sampled water from Russell County test wells and provided them to the KGS. R. D. Black, School of Engineering, Kansas State University, collected water samples during an energy use study of high-capacity wells in the Dakota aquifer and had the soils test laboratory at Kansas State University analyze the samples for selected constituents. Lawrence Hathaway, Karmie Galle, Truman Waugh, and Masato Ueshima analyzed the water samples collected by or sent to the KGS for chemical constituent concentrations. Mark Schoneweis assisted in the final graphics for some of the figures. Julie Tollefson edited and produced the final publication. The authors appreciate the reviews of this appendix by Scott Ross, Division of Water Resources, Kansas Department of Agriculture, Susan Stover, Kansas Water Office, and Mark Rude, Southwest Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 3, and earlier reviews of the geochemistry section by Dr. Robert Cullers, Department of Geology, Kansas State University, and Dr. George Schurr, GeoSchurr Resources LLC, Ellsworth, Minnesota.

Contents

Well Location and Percent Dakota Yield

Wells with Water Rights

1. PDs with DWR Dakota codes within the Dakota aquifer extent

a. PDs with WWC5 log

b. PDs without WWC5 well loqs

2. PDs within the Dakota extent and with DWR aquifer codes other than the Dakota aquifer or with no aquifer code

a. PDs with WWC5 well logs outside the HPA and alluvial aquifer extents

b. PDs within the HPA extent and with well depths greater than 50 ft (15 m) below the bedrock surface underlying the HPA

Wells without Water Rights

Groundwater Geochemistry

Introduction

Chemical Data for Groundwaters

Data for Water Samples

Water-Quality Data Base

Existing Data

Data collected for the Dakota Aquifer Program

Sampling and analytical procedures

Supply and test well sampling

Water Quality from Geophysical Logs

Factors that Control Groundwater Chemistry

Chemical Properties and Major Dissolved Constituents

Relationships among Conductance and Major Dissolved Constituents

Minor and Trace Dissolved Constituents

Characteristics of Contaminated Groundwater

Regional Groundwater Geochemistry

Areal Geochemical Patterns

Salinity Characterization

Fluoride and Nitrate Distributions

Distribution of Chemical Water Types

Geochemical Profiles Across an Aquifer Flow Path

Profiles of Salinity and Major Constituents

Profiles of Minor Constituents and Isotopes

Vertical Geochemical Changes

Regional Changes

Site-Specific Changes

Changes in Russell County

Geochemical Modeling of Groundwater Evolution

Chemical Water Types and Mixing

1-D Coupled Flow and Reaction Model

2-D Coupled Flow and Reaction Model

Summary and Conclusions

References


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Kansas Geological Survey, Geohydrology
Placed on web Feb. 6, 2015.
Comments to webadmin@kgs.ku.edu
The URL for this page is http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/260/appendix.html