Skip Navigation

Pawnee River valley

Prev Page--References


Appendix: Soil profile descriptions

Table A.1--Description of core 3 at site 14PA307 at locality PR-1
Location: Pawnee County, KS; NE NE sec. 6, R. 16 W., T. 22 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: alfalfa

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-20 Ap I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; strong effervescence; clear boundary.
20-33 A I Very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; weak effervescence; gradual boundary.
33-43 AB I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
43-58 Bk1 I Brown (10YR 4/3) light silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to fine granular structure; friable; common threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; few earthworm casts; few fine roots; few bone fragments at 45 cm; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
58-80 Bk2 I Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to fine granular structure; friable; common threads and films of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; many earthworm casts; few bone fragments at 60-63 ern; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
80-170 BCk I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium granular structure to massive; friable; common threads and films of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; many earthworm casts; few fine roots; strong effervescence; abrupt boundary.
170-220 2Akb II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; many prominent films and threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; common flecks of charcoal; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
220-226 2ACkb II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; common threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
226-275 2Ck II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) loamy fine sand, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; soft; common fine threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt boundary.
275-328 3Bkb III Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many prominent threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; common earthworm casts; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
328-352 3BCkb III Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; common earthworm casts; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
352-419 3C1 III Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) laminated silt and very fine sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; common fine distinct dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/6) and yellowish-brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; massive; soft, friable; few fine pores; weak effervescence; abrupt boundary.
419-792 3C2 III Light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) medium sand, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) moist; single-grained; loose; noneffervescent; abrupt boundary.
792-853 3Cg III Grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/2) sand and gravel in clayey matrix, very dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; massive; firm; weak effervescence; abrupt boundary.
853 4R   Dakota Sandstone.

Table A.2--Description of core 1 at locality PR-2
Location: Pawnee County, KS; NW NW sec. 32, R. 17 W. ,T. 21 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-20 Ap I Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) light silty clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; weak effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
20-61 AC I Brown (10YR 5/3) to grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; many earthworm casts; strong effervescence; abrupt boundary.
61-86 2Akb II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) light silty clay loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots; few films of calcium carbonate; common earthworm casts; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
86-96 2ABkb II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) light silty clay loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few earthworm casts; matrix has weak effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
96-142 2Bkb1 II Brown (10YR 4/3) heavy silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common films and threads of calcium carbonate along ped faces; few fine hard calcium carbonate concretions; common fine pores; common pressure faces; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
142-190 2Bkb2 II Brown (10YR 4/3) heavy silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many prominent films of calcium carbonate; common fine irregular soft masses of carbonate; few fine hard carbonate nodules; common fine pores; common pressure faces; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
190-212 2BCkb II Brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common films and threads and few fine hard concretions of calcium carbonate; common pressure faces; common fine pores; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
212-292 2C1 II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) and brown (10YR 5/3) laminated silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) and dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; friable; few fine pores; weak effervescence; gradual boundary.
292-345 2C2 II Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; friable; few pale-brown (10YR 6/3) lenses (<3 mm thick) of silt; few fine pores; noneffervescent; abrupt boundary.
345-434 3Ab III Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium and fine granular structure; friable; few fine pores; noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
434-447 3ABkb III Brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium granular and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine pores; moderate effervescence; gradual boundary.
447-492 3Bkb III Light-yellowish-brown (2.5Y 6/4) silty clay, light-olive-brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; few fine faint olive-yellow (2.5Y 6/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; many prominent films and threads and common soft irregular masses of calcium carbonate; few fine pores; few pressure faces; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
492-853+ 3Cg III Grayish-brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, dark-grayish-brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; few fine faint olive-yellow (2.5Y 6/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; firm; few fine pores; weak effervescence.

Table A.3--Description of core 2 at locality PR-2
Location: Pawnee County, KS; SW SE sec. 29, R. 17 W., T. 21 S.
Landscape position: T-3 terrace
Slope: 1 %
Vegetation: wheat stubble

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-20 Ap I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; many fine pores; noneffervescent; abrupt boundary.
20-42 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; many fine pores; noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
42-71 BAk I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) heavy silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate coarse columnar parting to moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; common fine irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
71-109 Btk1 I Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; common medium distinct grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; few threads of calcium carbonate; few fine irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
109-190 Btk2 I Brown (10YR 5/3) light silty clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine pores; few threads of calcium carbonate; many distinct discontinuous very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on vertical ped faces and in pores; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
190-215 Bk I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; common fine faint light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few threads of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
215-292 BCk I Light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; many fine pores; few threads of calcium carbonate; common black (10YR 2/1) stains along root channels; matrix is noneffervescent; abrupt boundary.
292-355 2Btb1 II Reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/6) heavy silty clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common fine pores; common prominent discontinuous dark-brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay flows on vertical ped faces and in pores; few black (10YR 2/1) stains in pores; noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
355-457 2Btb2 II Brownish-yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay loam, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; many fine pores; few clay flows as above; few black stains as above; noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
457-469 2BCb II Light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine pores; noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
469-490 2C1 II Light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; few fine pores; noneffervescent; gradual boundary.
490-571 2C2 II Light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) loamy fine sand, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; soft, friable; few fine pores; noneffervescent; clear boundary.
571-722 2C3 II Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, dark-yellowish (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; few fine pores; noneffervescent; clear boundary.
722-865+ 3Bkb III Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; many fine irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate; few fine pores; matrix is noneffervescent.

Table A.4--Description of Elmore trench and core at locality PR-3
Location: Pawnee County, KS; NW NW sec. 34, R. 19 W., T. 21 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-10 Ap I Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; many fine pores; noneffervescent; clear smooth boundary.
10-24 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
24-45 AC I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure to massive; faint lamination; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few earthworm casts; abrupt smooth boundary.
45-75 2Akb II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) light silty clay loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few earthworm casts; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; weak effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
75-105 2ABkb II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) light silty clay loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
105-142 2Bkb1 II Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots, few fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
142-183 2Bkb2 II Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few very fine roots; few fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; common fine irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
183-216 2BCkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine sub angular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
216-251 2C1 II Brown (10YR 5/3) to yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive with faint bedding; soft, friable; common fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
251-296 2C2 II Laminated brown (10YR 5/3), very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2), very dark brown (10YR 2/2), pale-brown (10YR 6/3), grayish-brown (10YR 5/2), light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4), brownish-yellow (10YR 6/6), yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4-5/6), and dark-brown (7.5YR 3/4) silty clay, silty clay loam, silt loam, loam, and fine sandy loam; soft, friable; moderate effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
296-338 Btb1 III Reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/6) silty clay, brown (7.5YR 5/4) to yellowish-brown moist; common fine and medium distinct dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) and dark-gray (10YR 4/1) mottles; few fine distinct reddish-yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few discontinuous clay films on ped faces; few fine pores; noneffervescent; clear boundary.
338-405+ 3Btb2 III Brown (7.5YR 5/4) to yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few discontinuous clay films on ped faces; common fine pores; noneffervescent.

Table A.5--Description of Rucker section at locality PR-4
Location: Pawnee County, KS; SW NW sec. 31, R. 20 W., T. 21 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-27 Ap I Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; common fine pores; weak effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
27-38 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; common fine pores; few fine flecks of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
38-48 ACk I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) to brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; common fine pores; few fine flecks of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
48-105 C I Laminated light-grayish-brown (10YR 6/2), grayish-brown (10YR 5/2), dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2), and very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, silt loam, and very fine sandy loam; individual strata are <2 mm thick; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
105-145 2Ab II Dark-gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; few earthworm casts; noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
145-175 2ACkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; common fine faint grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots, few fine pores; few threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
175-273 2C1 II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3-4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
273-441 2C2 II Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) and pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam and very fine sandy loam; stratified; soft, friable; individual strata are <1 to 5 cm thick; few fine roots, few fine pores; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
441-482 3Bkb III Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; common fine and medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine hard calcium carbonate concretions; strong effervescence; diffuse boundary.
482-528 3Btkb III Brown (10YR 5/2) heavy silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine hard calcium carbonate concretions; common discontinuous clay films on ped faces; weak effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
528-564 3BCkb III Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine pores; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; weak effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
564-604 4Btkb IV Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few dark-brown (10YR 3/3) clay flows on vertical faces; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
604-720+ 4BCkb IV Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) light silty clay loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; soft, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence.

Table A.6--Description of Burdett trench and core at locality PR-5
Location: Hodgeman County, KS; NW NW sec. 7, R. 21 W., T. 21 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-12 Ap I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; weak effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
12-63 AC I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; faint thin bedding in lower 20 cm; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
63-85 2Ab I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
85-276 2C I Stratified dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) loam, and pale-brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; individual beds are 2-15 mm thick; massive; friable; few fine roots; strong effervescence; abrupt boundary.
276-320 3Ab II Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine and medium pores; common very fine white noncalcareous flecks; few earthworm casts; noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
320-345 3Bwb II Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) heavy silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky parting to fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine and few medium pores; few earthworm casts; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
345-350 3BCb II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine and few medium pores; few earthworm casts; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
350-397 3C1 II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to brown (10YR 5/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; soft, friable; many fine and few medium pores; violent effervescence; clear boundary.
397-429 3C2 II Pale-yellow (2.5Y 7/4) to light-yellowish-brown (2.5Y 6/4) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) to yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, friable; many fine pores; abrupt boundary.
429-523 4Bkb1 III Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on ped faces; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
523-558 4Bkb2 III Brown (10YR 5/3) to yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine and medium pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
558-575 4BCkb III Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; gradual boundary.
575-616 4C1 III Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to light-yellowish-brown (2.5Y 6/4) silt loam, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, friable; few fine pores; violent effervescence; gradual boundary.
616-720 4C2 III Light-yellowish-brown (2.5Y 6/4-10YR 6/4) silt loam, yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, friable; few fine pores; violent effervescence; clear boundary.
720-775 4Ck III Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) to pale-yellow (2.5Y 7/4) fine sandy loam, yellowish-brown (10YR 7/4) moist; laminated; soft, friable; few fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence.

Table A.7--Description of T-0 section at locality PR-5
Location: Hodgeman County, KS; NW NW sec. 7, R. 21 W., T. 21 S.
Landscape position: T-0 floodplain
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: riparian forest

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-25 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; common worm casts; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
25-55 AC I Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; few worm casts; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
55-105 C I Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, friable; common thin beds of loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam in lower 30 cm of horizon; common fine roots; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
105-140 2Ab II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
140-165 2ACb II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
165-260 2C II Laminated light-grayish-brown (10YR 6/2) loam, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, and pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay; massive; soft, friable; few fine roots; strong effervescence.

Table A.8--Description of Foos section at locality PR-6
Location: Ness County, KS; NE NW sec. 28, R. 22 W., T. 20 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-20 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
20-60 AC I Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) loam, grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; many earthworm casts; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
60-96 2Ab II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
96-125 2ACb II Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
125-155 3Ab III Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; weak effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
155-170 3ABkb III Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
170-200 3Bkb1 III Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine irregular soft masses of carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
200-240 3Bkb2 III Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
240-282 3BCkb III Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
282-351 3Ck III Brown (10YR 5/3) and pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; stratified; common thin (<10 mm thick) strata of fine sandy loam; hard, friable; common fine pores; few threads of calcium carbonate; moderate effervescence; abrupt boundary.
351-405 4Akb IV Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; friable; few fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
405-420 4ABkb IV Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
420-470 4Btkb IV Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine hard carbonate concretions; few discontinuous clay films on ped faces; moderate effervescence.

Table A.9--Description of McCreight section at locality PR-7
Location: Pawnee County, KS; SW SW sec. 35, R. 24 W., T. 20 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: crops

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-27 Ap I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; weak effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
27-55 A I Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) to dark-gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common earthworm casts; common fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
55-75 ABk I Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual boundary.
75-124 Bk I Brown (10YR 5/3) heavy silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common films, threads, and fine soft masses of calcium carbonate; few fine hard carbonate concretions; few fine roots; common fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
124-153 BCk I Brown (10YR 5/3) light silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common films and threads and few soft masses of calcium carbonate; few fine, hard carbonate concretions; few fine roots; common fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
153-190 C I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, friable; common fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
190-225 2Akb II Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; weak effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
225-250 2ACkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
250-330 2C II Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay and pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam and very fine sandy loam; stratified; hard, friable; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
330-377 3Akb IIIa Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
377-480 3ACkb IIIa Brown (10YR 5/3) to pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; many fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft carbonate masses; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
480-498 3Ck IIIa Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) to yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; hard, friable; many fine pores; secondary carbonates as above; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
498-553 4Akb IV Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive to weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; many fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft carbonate masses; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
4553-630 4ACkb IV Light-grayish-brown (10YR 6/2) silt loam, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) to dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive to weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; many fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft carbonate masses; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
630-675 5Akb V Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) to brown (10YR 5/3) heavy silty clay loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
675-705 5Bkb1 V Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine hard carbonate masses; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
705-760 5Bkb2 V Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, brown (10YR4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common fine pores; secondary carbonates as above; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
760-783 5BCkb V Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3-4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting to granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft carbonate masses; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
783-813 6Akb VI Brown (10YR 4/3) heavy silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
813-874 6Bkb VI Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft calcium carbonate masses; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
874-910 6BCkb VI Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft calcium carbonate masses; strong effervescence, gradual smooth boundary.
910-990+ 6Ck VI Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; faint lamination; hard, firm; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence.

Table A.10--Description of Patchen section at locality PR-8
Location: Hodgeman County, KS; SW NW sec. 16, R. 25 W., T. 21 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-15 Ap I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; weak effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
15-46 AC I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
46-64 2Ab I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
64-111 2ACb I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; common earthworm casts; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
111-136 3Ab I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
136-175 3ACb I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; few fine pores; abrupt smooth boundary.
175-205 4Ab I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
205-251 4ACb I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; faint lamination; friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
251-280 5Ab1 II Dark-gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; common gastropods; weak effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
280-297 5Ab2 I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few gastropods; weak effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
297-330 5Bwb II Brown (10YR 5/3) to yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; common very fine pores; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
330-345 5BCkb II Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
345-470 5Ck II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, friable; common fine pores; very few fine threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
470-520 5C1 II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; soft, friable; few fine pores; violent effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
520-650+ 5C2 II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) fine, medium, and coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/4) moist; stratified; some crossbedding; single grain, loose; ≈80% siliceous grains by volume; moderate effervescence.

Table A.11--Description of section at site 14HO5 at locality PR-9
Location: Hodgeman County, KS; NE NE sec. 3, R. 26 W., T. 22 S.
Elevation: 725.4 m (2,380 ft)
Landscape position: T-0 floodplain
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: riparian forest

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-30 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; common worm casts; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
30-75 AC I Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; few worm casts; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
75-90 C I Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
90-115 2Ab II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common bones and bone fragments, chert flakes, and pottery shards; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
115-160 2ACb II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
160-250 2C II Stratified light-grayish-brown (10YR 6/2) loam, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, and pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay; massive; soft, friable; few fine roots; strong effervescence.

Table A.12--Description of Fearker section at locality PR-10
Location: Finney County, KS; NE SE sec. 12, R. 28 W., T. 22 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: crops

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-20 Ap I Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
20-32 A I Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; many earthworm casts; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
32-45 AC I Brown (10YR 5/3) to pale-brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; common earthworm casts; violent effervescence; gradual boundary.
45-80 C I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; faint horizontal bedding with individual beds <2 mm thick; hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; few earthworm casts; violent effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
80-142 Ck I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) very fine sandy loam and silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; stratified, with individual beds <2 mm thick; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; few threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
142-195 2Akb II Gray (10YR 5/1) to grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine and medium roots; common fine pores; few earthworm casts; common threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
195-210 2ABkb II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; few faint medium-brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; gritty; few fine roots; common fine pores; common threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
210-250 2Bkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; gritty; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) coatings on ped faces; common fine pores; common threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
250-295 2BCkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) to pale-brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
295-340 2Ck II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; hard, friable; common fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence.

Table A.13--Description of section at site 14HO306 (locality BC-1) in Buckner Creek valley
Location: Hodgeman County, KS; SW NE sec. 16, R. 25 W., T. 23 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-18 Ap I Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
18-38 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; few earthworm casts; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
38-46 AB I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable when moist; few pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on ped faces; few fine roots; common fine pores; moderate effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
46-61 Bk1 (2Ab)a I Dark-brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium columnar parting to weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common pale-brown (10YR 6/2) silt coatings on ped faces; few fine roots; common fine pores; few threads and films of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence.
61-86 Bk2 I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium columnar parting to moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; common pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on ped faces; few fine roots; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
86-119 BCk I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and fine granular structure; very hard when dry, friable when moist; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
119-147 3Akb I Grayish-brown to dark-grayish-brown (10YR 5/2 -4/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
147-176 3ACkb I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine and medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
176-210 4Ab II Dark-gray (10YR 4/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard when dry, friable when moist; common fine pores; few flecks of charcoal; few chert flakes and burned rocks; few gastropods; noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
210-241 4Akb II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; few flecks of charcoal; few chert flakes and burned rocks; few gastropods; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
241-271 4ABkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine sub angular-blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on ped faces; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; few gastropods; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
271-317 4Bkb II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine subangular-blocky structure; hard, friable; many fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine hard concretions of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
317-345 5Akb II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft calcium carbonate concretions; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
345-394 5Ck II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive with faint lamination; hard, friable; common fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
394-432 6Akb1 III Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; many fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; many flecks of charcoal; common bone fragments and burned rocks; few chert flakes; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
432-471 6Akb2 III Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few gastropods; common flecks of charcoal, bone fragments, and burned rocks in lower 10 cm of horizon; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
471-523 6Bkb III Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine hard calcium carbonate concretions; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
523-658 6BCkb III Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive with faint bedding; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine hard concretions of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
658-712 6Ck III Brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly fine sand grading upward to fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive with faint bedding in the upper 25 cm; hard, friable; few fine pores; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; irregular boundary.
712+ 7R   Limestone.
a. Welded soil.

Table A.14--Description of section at site 14HO315 at locality BC-1
Location: Hodgeman County, KS; NW NW sec. 20, R. 25 W., T. 23 S.
Landscape position: T-0 floodplain
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-30 A I Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; few worm casts; weak effervescence below 10 cm; gradual smooth boundary.
30-42 AC I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; faint bedding; strong effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
42-59 Ck I Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2), pale-brown (10YR 6/3), and grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; stratified; few thin lenses (<2 mm thick) of very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine sandy loam; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
59-105 2Akb II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine and medium granular structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
105-230 2ACkb II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
230-361 2C II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; stratified; loamy matrix is slightly hard and friable; pebbles compose 80% of sediment in horizon; strong effervescence; irregular boundary.
361+ 3R   Limestone.

Table A.15--Description of section 1 at site 14NS308 at locality HC-1
Location: Ness County, KS; NE SE sec. 29, R. 26 W., T. 20 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: wheat

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-15 Ap I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
15-48 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; common earthworm casts; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
48-55 AB I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on ped faces; few fine roots; common fine pores; moderate effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
55-67 Bk1 (2Ab)a I Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) light silty clay loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium columnar parting to moderate subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on ped of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
67-85 Bk2 I Brown (10YR 4/3) light silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium columnar parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on ped faces; few fine roots; common fine pores; few threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
85-107 BC I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium columnar parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
107-151 3Ab II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
151-168 3ABb II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
168-200 3Bkb II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; very hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
200-415 3Ck II Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; very hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
415-455 4Akb1 IV Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common fine threads of calcium carbonate; common flecks of charcoal; common gastropods; prehistoric cultural materials and bones concentrated in upper 15 cm; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
455-510 4Akb2 IV Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common films and fine threads of calcium carbonate; common flecks of charcoal; common gastropods; prehistoric cultural materials concentrated in lower 30 cm of horizon; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
510-532 4Bk IV Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; common threads of calcium carbonate; many hard, tubular and irregularly shaped calcium carbonate concretions, 0.25-0.50 cm in diameter; common gastropods and pelecypods; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
532-545 4BCk IV Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable; common fine pores; common threads of calcium carbonate; many hard, tubular and irregularly shaped calcium carbonate concretions, 0.50-2.50 cm in diameter; common gastropods and pelecypods; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
545-628 4Ck IV Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; very hard, friable; common fine pores; common films of calcium carbonate; common gastropods and pelecypods; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
628-645 5C IV Brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; soft, loose; prominent crossbedding; many gastropods and pelecypods; strong effervescence; abrupt boundary.
645-662 6Ck IV Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, friable; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; common gastropods; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
662-670 6C1 IV Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain, loose; few films of calcium carbonate; many gastropods; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
670-713 6C2 IV Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; hard, friable; common films of calcium carbonate; few fine pores; many gastropods; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
713-734 6C3 IV Light-brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly loamy sand, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) moist; massive to single grain, loose; few fine films of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; irregular boundary.
734+ 7R   Limestone.
a. Welded soil.

Table A.16--Description of section at site 14HO316 (locality HC-2) in Hackberry Creek valley
Location: Hodgeman County, KS; SE SE sec. 13, R. 26 W., T. 21 S.
Landscape position: T-2 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-12 Ap I Grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; noneffervescent; clear smooth boundary.
12-43 A I Dark-brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; common earthworm casts; noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
43-65 Bw I Brown (10YR 5/3) light silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky parting to medium granular structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; common earthworm casts; common fine and few medium pores; noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
65-103 Bk I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) light silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky parting to medium granular structure; friable; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine and medium roots; common earthworm casts; common fine pores, strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
103-155 Ck I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; hard when dry, firm when moist; common thin lenses of very fine sand; few fine roots; common threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
155-176 2Akb I Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
176-207 2ACkb I Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; friable; few fine threads of calcium carbonate, many fine and medium pores; common lenses of very fine sand; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
207-233 3Akb I Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
233-245 3ACkb I Brown (10YR 4/3) loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; many faint lenses of very fine sand; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
245-271 4Akb II Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine granular structure; friable; few threads and flecks of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
271-323 4ACkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
323-335 5Akb II Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard when dry, friable when moist; common threads of calcium carbonate; few fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
335-349 5ACkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard when dry, friable when moist; common threads of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
349-365 6Akb II Brown (10YR 4/3) loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common threads and flecks of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
365-417 6Ck II Brown (10YR 5/3 and 4/3) finely stratified loam and very fine sand, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; soft; many fine pores; few films of calcium carbonate in pores; many thin discontinuous lenses of fine and medium sand; common discontinuous lenses of well- to subrounded pebbles; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
417-432 7Akb II Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
432-451 7ACkb II Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine threads of calcium carbonate; common fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
451-491 8Akb II Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common films and threads and few fine hard concretions of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
491-536 8Bkb III Brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky parting to fine and medium granular structure; firm; common films and threads and few fine hard concretions of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
536-595 8BCkb III Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common threads and few fine hard concretions of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
595-654 8Ck III Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common small and few large hard calcium carbonate concretions; many fine pores; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
654-704 9Akb IV Brown (10YR 4/3) heavy silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; few fine threads and large hard concretions of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
704-724 9ACkb IV Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; few thin threads and large hard concretions of calcium carbonate; many fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
724-805 9Ck IV Brown (10YR 5/3) loam grading downward into sandy loam, sand, and gravel, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; friable; few large hard concretions of calcium carbonate; weak effervescence.

Table A.17--Description of section at site 14FD311 in Sawlog Creek valley
Location: Ford County, KS; SE SE sec. 2, R. 25 W., T. 25 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-15 A I Grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
15-45 C I Brown (10YR 5/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
45-60 2Ab II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
60-82 ACb II Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard when dry, friable when moist; few fine roots; few fine pores; strong effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
82-91 3Ab II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
91-115 3ACb II Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
115-127 3Cb II Stratified brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam and loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; strong effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
127-142 4Ab II Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; gravel lens at a depth of 135-140 cm; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
142-200 4C II Laminated brown (10YR 5/3) and pale-brown (10YR 6/3) loam and very fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; few fine pores; few fine roots; strong effervescence; abrupt wavy boundary.
200-264 5Akb III Dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; many gastropods; moderate effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
264-270 5ACkb III Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common films and few threads of calcium carbonate; many gastropods; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
270-365 5C III Stratified coarse and fine alluvium; very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) strata of silt loam and silty clay loam alternating with dark-grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) and grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) strata of gravelly sand and sandy loam; common flecks of calcium carbonate; many gastropods and pelecypods; strong effervescence; irregular boundary.
365+ 6R   Limestone.

Table A.18--Description of Doll section at locality PR-11
Location: Finney County, KS; SW NW sec. 6, R. 29 W., T. 22 S.
Landscape position: T-1 terrace
Slope: <1 %
Vegetation: native grasses

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-26 A I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
26-60 Bw I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium pores; many earthworm casts; common fine roots; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
60-120 C I Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; few fine and medium pores; few earthworm casts; common fine roots; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
120-141 2Akb II Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine pores; few earthworm casts; pale- brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam in krotovinas; few fine roots; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence.
141-149 2ABkb II Light-grayish-brown (10YR 6/2) to pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine pores; few fine roots; few fine threads and films of calcium carbonate; hard, friable; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
149-175 2Bkb II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine and medium pores; few fine roots; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
175-193 2BCkb II Pale-brown (10YR 6/3) to very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam; massive; hard, friable; common fine and medium pores; few fine roots; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft carbonate masses; violent effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
193-254 3Akb III Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium granular structure; hard, friable; many fine pores; few fine roots; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine soft carbonate masses; few large krotovinas filled with pale-brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
254-265 3Bkb III Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; few fine roots; common fine and medium pores; common films, threads, and fine soft masses of calcium carbonate; violent effervescence.

Table A.19--Description of Doll silo at locality PR-12
Location: Finney County, KS; NE SE sec. 8, R. 29 W., T. 23 S.
Landscape position: T-3 terrace
Slope: 1 %
Vegetation: crops

Depth
(cm)
Soil
horizon
Unit Description
0-25 Ap I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; weak effervescence; clear smooth boundary.
25-35 A I Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark-brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common earthworm casts; noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
35-68 ABk I Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) heavy silt loam, dark-yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) moist; common medium faint reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/6) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common earthworm casts; common fine roots; few medium pores; few films of calcium carbonate; matrix is noneffervescent; gradual smooth boundary.
68-103 Btk1 I Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) light silty clay loam, dark-yellow ish-brown (10YR 4/6) moist; common medium faint reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/6) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few earthworm casts; few fine roots; common fine and few medium pores; few discontinuous clay films; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
103-130 Btk2 I Light-brown (7.5YR 6/4) silty clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; common medium faint reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine and few medium pores; few discontinuous clay films; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
130-145 BCk I Light-brown (7.5YR 6/4) loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; common medium faint reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/6) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
145-190 2Bkb1 II Light-yellowish-brown (7.5YR 6/4) silty clay loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; 85% of matrix is whitened by calcium carbonate; common fine hard carbonate concretions; common fine and medium soft calcium carbonate masses; rounded siliceous pebbles form a stone line at top of horizon; few thin lenses of siliceous pebbles within horizon; few fine pores; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
190-230 2Bkb2 II Light-yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; common medium distinct reddish-yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; 50% of matrix is whitened by calcium carbonate; many films and threads of calcium carbonate; common fine hard carbonate concretions; common fine and medium soft calcium carbonate masses; violent effervescence; gradual smooth boundary.
230-320+ 2BCkb II Light-brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common films and threads of calcium carbonate; few fine hard carbonate concretions; few soft carbonate masses; violent effervescence.

Prev Page--References

Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Placed on web July 8, 2016; originally published 1994.
Comments to webadmin@kgs.ku.edu
The URL for this page is http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/236/07_app.html