Prev Page—Conclusions, References
Appendix A—Rock Core Descriptions (Pre-Mined)
Boring C-1
Depth (feet) |
Surface elevation 925 feet SE, NW, NW, SW, Sec. 11, T. 31 S., R. 25 E. |
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15.0-20.6 | Shale, with laminated siltstone beds, and clay-ironstone nodules, highly weathered. Light-brown with brownish-gray areas. |
20.6-22.5 | Siltstone and sandstone, sandstone is very fine grained, with shaly laminae, ripple bedding. Light yellowish-brown with some gray areas. |
22.5-26.0 | Shale, silty, with abundant thin lenticular laminae of siltstone, well-consolidated. Gray with light-gray siltstone laminae. |
26.0-26.2 | Coal ("Pilot"), banded. |
26.2-29.4 | Shale, silty, slakes on exposure. Gray to light-gray. |
29.4-30.2 | Coal (Dry Wood), banded, with pyrite nodules. |
30.2-32.0 | Claystone (underclay), very soft, slakes on exposure. Light-gray. |
32.0-37.2 | Shale, increasingly carbonaceous with depth, occasional siltstone lenses, burrowed, with less burrowing in lower part. Gray. |
37.2-39.2 | Shale, with abundant clay-ironstone lenses and nodules, thinly laminated. Dark-gray. |
39.2-40.5 | Coal (Rowe), banded. |
40.5-43.2 | Siltstone, with carbonaceous material, extensive burrowing, occasional pyrite nodules, hard. Light-gray. |
43.2 | Bottom of core. |
Boring C-2
Depth (feet) |
Surface elevation 920 feet NE, SE, NE, SE, Sec. 10, T. 31 S., R. 25 E. |
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15.0-18.0 | Sandstone and siltstone, sandstone is very fine grained, with shale partings. Light-gray with light-brown staining. |
18.0-19.7 | Shale, with thin laminae of siltstone and/or sandstone, very fine grained. Dark-gray with light-gray sandstone and siltstone, some light-brown staining. |
19.7-22.3 | Shale, with very thin siltstone partings, laminated, a few thin gypsum partings, many siltstone-filled borings. Dark-gray with light-gray siltstone, a few areas of light-brown staining. |
22.3-22.5 | Coal ("Pilot"), banded. |
22.5-23.1 | Claystone (underclay), structureless, top 0.2 foot firm, rest of zone slakes on exposure. Gray. |
23.1-24.6 | Shale, carbonaceous, very carbonaceous in upper 0.3 foot, poorly bedded. Slakes slightly on exposure. Dark-gray with light-gray zone near the top. |
24.6-25.3 | Coal (Dry Wood), banded, with some thin pyrite zones. |
25.3-27.6 | Claystone (underclay), structureless, slakes badly. Light-gray. |
27.6-29.7 | Shale, carbonaceous—increasing with depth, irregular laminae, some burrowing. Gray, dark-gray in lower 0.9 foot. |
29.7-31.3 | Shale, with clay-ironstone nodules and laminae up to 0.5 inch thick. Dark-gray. |
31.3-32.5 | Coal (Rowe), banded with pyrite and secondary gypsum. |
32.5-32.7 | Claystone (underclay), slakes on exposure. Light-gray. |
32.7-34.7 | Siltstone, extensively burrowed, contains carbonaceous material. Gray and light-gray mottles. |
34.7 | Bottom of core. |
Boring C-3
Depth (feet) |
Surface elevation 918 feet SW, SE, NE, SE, Sec. 10, T. 31 S., R. 25 E. |
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13.0-16.8 | Shale, with thin lenses of fine-grained sandstones in upper 2.0 feet, laminated, occasional clay-ironstone nodules, gypsum present between some shale laminae, some burrowing. Light-brown. |
16.8-20.3 | Sandstone (Bluejacket), fine-grained, contains several ironstone zones, moderately well cemented, burrowed. Purplish-brown at top to yellowish-brown at the bottom. |
20.3-23.2 | Shale, finely laminated, some burrowing. Gray with light-brown staining. |
23.2-23.8 | Coal (Dry Wood), banded. |
23.8-24.3 | Claystone (underclay), soft, slakes badly. Gray with reddish- brown staining. |
24.3-28.0 | Shale, soft at top becoming increasingly consolidated toward bottom—represents transition from underclay to shale, pyrite nodules present. Upper part slakes on exposure. Gray with some light-brown staining. |
28.0-32.5 | Shale, carbonaceous, laminated, abundant siltstone nodules and lenses. Dark-gray. |
32.5-34.0 | Coal (Rowe), banded. |
34.0-35.8 | Siltstone, carbonaceous material present, extensive burrows, pyrite nodules. Light-gray. |
35.8 | Bottom of core. |
Boring C-4
Depth (feet) |
Surface elevation 921 feet NW, NW, SE, SE, Sec. 10, T. 31 S., R. 25 E. |
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15.0-18.4 | Shale, very thin laminae, small amount of gypsum. Light-gray with yellowish-brown staining, upper 1.0 foot is reddish-purple. |
18.4-18.6 | Sandstone (Bluejacket), very fine grained. Light-gray. |
18.6-22.2 | Shale, very thin laminae, some secondary gypsum mineralization, slakes on exposure. Light-gray. |
22.2-22.5 | Coal, banded. |
22.5-24.4 | Claystone (underclay), soft, some sulfur present, slakes on exposure. Gray. |
24.4-27.9 | Siltstone, argillaceous, well-consolidated, burrows present, some iron-oxide staining. Gray to light-brown. |
27.9-35.7 | Shale, with siltstone laminae, finely laminated, minor amount of burrowing, some cross-bedding, several clay-ironstone nodules in bottom 1.0 foot. Light-gray to gray, with light-gray siltstone. |
35.7-42.8 | Shale, carbonaceous, very finely laminated, with a few thin clay-ironstone laminae, traces of gypsum. Very dark gray. |
42.8-43.6 | Shale, with laminae of siltstone, phosphate nodules. Dark-gray. Siltstone is light-gray. |
43.6-45.2 | Siltstone, argillaceous, contains areas of coarse silt, burrowed. Light-gray. |
45.2-46.4 | Shale, silty, fine laminae, shale and siltstone interlaminated in bottom 0.5 foot. Gray. |
46.4-53.5 | Shale, with siltstone laminae, occasional clay-ironstone laminae and nodules, occasional pyrite nodules in lower 4.0 feet. Dark-gray, with light-gray siltstone. |
53.5 | Bottom of core. Boring continued to 75 feet but no additional cores were cut. |
Appendix B—Elemental Composition of the Laboratory Ash of the Rowe and Dry Wood Coals.
Major and Minor Oxide Composition of the Laboratory Ash of the Rowe and Dry Wood Coals
Coal ashed in a muffle furnace at 525°C. All determinations by semiquantitative emission spectrography.
Sample Site |
Ash (%) |
SiO2 (%) |
Al2O3 (%) |
CaO (%) |
MgO (%) |
Na2O (%) |
K2O (%) |
Fe2O3 (%) |
TiO2 (%) |
SO3 (%) |
Cl (%) |
MnO (%) |
P2O5 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rowe | |||||||||||||
R-1 | 18.8 | 21 | 11 | .47 | .32 | .14 | .97 | 57 | .47 | 1.6 | .20 | .07 | <1.0 |
R-2 | 17.9 | 27 | 13 | .46 | .42 | .16 | .93 | 50 | .63 | 1.6 | .20 | .05 | <1.0 |
R-3 | 13.9 | 26 | 15 | 1.4 | .46 | .19 | .82 | 50 | .53 | 3.3 | .20 | .05 | <1.0 |
Dry Wood | |||||||||||||
D-1 | 11.5 | 41 | 20 | 5.8 | 2.1 | .56 | 1.7 | 29 | 1.1 | 15.0 | .20 | .25 | <1.0 |
D-2 | 20.9 | 36 | 21 | 3.1 | .42 | .11 | 1 .2 | 36 | .58 | 2.6 | .20 | .05 | <1.0 |
D-3 | 32.3 | 21 | 10 | 2.6 | .40 | .07 | .85 | 31 | .29 | 15.0 | .20 | .05 | <1.0 |
Trace-Element Composition of the Laboratory Ash of the Rowe and Dry Wood Coals
Coal ashed in a muffle furnace at 525°C. All determinations by semiquantitative emission spectrography except Cd, Cu, Li, Pb, and Zn, which were determined by quantitative flame atomic absorption spectrophometry.
Sample Site |
Ash (ppm) |
Ag (ppm) |
B (ppm) |
Ba (ppm) |
Be (ppm) |
Cd (ppm) |
Ce (ppm) |
Co (ppm) |
Cr (ppm) |
Cu (ppm) |
Ga (ppm) |
Ge (ppm) |
La (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rowe | |||||||||||||
R-1 | 18.8 | 0† | 50 | 100 | 15 | <1.0 | 0 | 70 | 70 | 213 | ‡ | 50 | 0 |
R-2 | 17.9 | 0 | 70 | 150 | 15 | <1.0 | 0 | 30 | 70 | 176 | 30 | 70 | 0 |
R-3 | 13.9 | 0 | 70 | 500 | 15 | 1.5 | 0 | 70 | 100 | 306 | 30 | 100 | 0 |
Dry Wood | |||||||||||||
D-1 | 11.5 | 7 | 70 | 700 | 20 | 8 | 0 | 50 | 200 | 326 | 30 | 50 | 70 |
D-2 | 20.9 | 2 | 50 | 150 | 10 | 77 | 0 | 300 | 70 | 200 | 50 | 20 | 70 |
D-3 | 32.3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 5 | 490 | 0 | 100 | 50 | 232 | 100 | 20 | 70 |
Sample Site |
Li (ppm) |
Mo (ppm) |
Nb (ppm) |
Nd (ppm) |
Ni (ppm) |
Pb (ppm) |
Sc (ppm) |
Sr (ppm) |
V (ppm) |
Y (ppm) |
Yb (ppm) |
Zn (ppm) |
Zr (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rowe | |||||||||||||
R-1 | 51 | 0 | 0 | -- | 300 | 900 | 10 | 300 | 100 | 50 | -- | 204 | 50 |
R-2 | 137 | 0 | 0 | -- | 150 | 1,200 | 10 | 200 | 100 | 70 | -- | 89 | 100 |
R-3 | 90 | 0 | 0 | -- | 200 | 1,200 | 15 | 300 | 200 | 100 | -- | 1,020 | 100 |
Dry Wood | |||||||||||||
D-1 | 49 | 20 | 20 | 200 | 200 | 450 | 70 | 700 | 300 | 700 | 70 | 770 | 150 |
D-2 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 500 | 230 | 20 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 30 | 25,500 | 100 |
D-3 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 450 | 10 | 300 | 100 | 150 | -- | 158,000 | 50 |
†None detected. ‡Not determined. |
Appendix C—Field Descriptions of Cores of Parsons Soil
Procedures and terms are those used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (1951, 1975).
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
Core 1 |
---|---|---|
AP | 0-7 | Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) when dry; weak medium and fine granular structure; slightly hard when dry, very friable when moist; strongly acid, clear smooth boundary. |
A2 | 7-15 | Dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) when dry, with a few fine distinct strong brown mottles; weak medium and coarse granular structure; slightly hard when dry, friable when moist; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. |
B21t | 15-25 | Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay, dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) when dry; common, fine and medium distinct mottles that are reddish-brown and strong brown; weak coarse prismatic and moderate to weak blocky structure; extremely hard when dry, extremely firm when moist; shiny films on most ped surfaces, gray coatings on both vertical and horizontal ped surfaces; few, fine, iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. |
B22t | 25-30 | Dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) when dry; many fine and medium distinct mottles that are strong brown and yellowish-brown; weak coarse prismatic and weak coarse blocky structure; extremely hard when dry, extremely firm when moist; shiny films on a few ped surfaces; common, fine and medium iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. |
B3 | 30-39 | Coarsely mottled grayish-brown (10YR 5/2), yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4), and dark-brown (7.5YR 4/3) light silty clay; weak coarse blocky structure; very hard when dry, very firm when moist; common fine and medium iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. |
C1 | 39-55 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1), dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4), and dark-brown (7.5YR 4/4) heavy silty clay loam; massive; hard when dry, very firm when moist; few fine and medium iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; medium acid; diffuse boundary. |
C2 | 55-68 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1) and dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) heavy silty clay loam; massive; hard when dry, firm when moist; few fine iron-manganese stains and nodules; medium acid; diffuse boundary. |
C3 | 68-128 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1) and dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) heavy silty clay loam; massive; hard when dry, firm when moist; few fine iron-manganese oxide nodules; medium acid; diffuse boundary. |
C4 | 128-138 | Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, with many medium and coarse distinct mottles that are gray; massive; hard when dry, firm when moist; medium acid, clear boundary to shale. |
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
Core 2 |
---|---|---|
AP | 0-8 | Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) when dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard when dry, very friable when moist; many roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. |
A2 | 8-17 | Dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) when dry, few fine distinct mottles that are strong brown; weak medium and coarse granular structure; slightly hard when dry, friable when moist; many very fine, fine, and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. |
B2t | 17-28 | Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay, dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) when dry; weak coarse prismatic and moderate to weak medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard when dry, extremely firm when moist; gray coating on both vertical and horizontal ped surfaces in upper part and vertical ped surfaces in lower part; shiny films on some ped surfaces; common fine and few medium roots between peds and common very fine roots inside of peds; few fine iron-manganese oxide nodules; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. |
B3 | 28-39 | Coarsely mottled grayish-brown (10YR 5/2), dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4), and dark-brown (7.5YR 4/3) silty clay; weak blocky structure; very hard when dry, very firm when moist; few fine flattened roots between peds and few very fine roots inside of peds; common fine and medium iron-manganese oxide stains and fine nodules; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. |
C1 | 39-53 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1), dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/6), and dark-brown (7.5YR 4/4) heavy silty clay loam; massive; very hard when dry, very firm when moist; few very fine and fine flattened roots; common fine and medium iron-manganese oxide stains and fine nodules; strongly acid, diffuse boundary. |
C2 | 53-65 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1), dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/6), and yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) heavy silty clay loam; massive; hard when dry, firm when moist; few fine iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; medium acid; diffuse boundary. |
C3 | 65-110 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1) and dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/6) heavy silty clay loam; massive; hard when dry, firm when moist; few fine iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; medium acid; diffuse boundary. |
C4 | 110-120 | Light olive-brown (2.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, with common medium and coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) mottles; massive; hard when dry, firm when moist; medium acid; clear boundary to shale. |
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
Core 3 |
---|---|---|
AP | 0-7 | Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish-brown (10YR 5/2) when dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard when dry, very friable when moist; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. |
A2 | 7-11 | Dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) when dry; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard when dry, friable when moist; few fine iron-manganese oxide nodules; medium acid; abrupt wavy boundary. |
B21t | 11-20 | Very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay, dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) when dry; common fine faint mottles that are yellowish brown; weak coarse prismatic and moderate to weak medium blocky structure; extremely hard when dry, extremely firm when moist; gray coatings on many ped surfaces, both vertical and horizontal; shiny films on some ped surfaces; few fine iron-manganese oxide nodules; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. |
B22t | 20-26 | Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay; dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) when dry; common fine faint mottles that are yellowish-brown; weak coarse prismatic and weak coarse blocky structure; extremely hard when dry, extremely firm when moist; shiny films on a few ped surfaces; common fine iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. |
B3 | 26-40 | Coarsely mottled grayish-brown (10YR 5/2), yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4), and dark-brown (7.5YR 4/3) silty clay; weak coarse blocky structure; very hard when dry, very firm when moist; common fine and medium iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. |
C1 | 40-60 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1), dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4), and dark-brown (7.5YR 4/4) heavy silty clay loam; massive; hard when dry, very firm when moist; few fine and medium iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. |
C2 | 60-79 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1) and dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/6) heavy silty clay loam; massive; very hard when dry, very firm when moist; common fine iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. |
C3 | 79-120 | Coarsely mottled gray (10YR 5/1) and dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/6) heavy silty clay loam; massive; very hard when dry, very firm when moist; few fine iron-manganese oxide stains and nodules; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. |
C4 | 120-132 | Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam with common medium and coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) mottles; massive; hard when dry, firm when moist; strongly acid; clear boundary to shale. |
Appendix D—Field Descriptions of Minesoil Surface Samples
Procedures and terms are those used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (1951, 1975).
S-1 |
---|
Surface 6 inches sampled with a spade. Color is a mixture of brown (10YR 4/3), yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4), and grayish-brown (10YR 5/2). Texture is a shaly, silty clay loam. Coarse particles (>2 mm) make up 15 to 20 percent of sample; these are mostly shale fragments >50 mm in length with a few ferruginous siltstone and coal fragments and iron-manganese oxide nodules. The structure is clods, irregular to rounded in shape, which contain some small shale fragments. |
S-2 |
---|
Surface 6 inches sampled with a spade in the largest low area in Field 1. Appearance indicated some sediment, about 1/2 to 1 inch in depth, was deposited by runoff into this low area. Surface appearance was typical of natural areas where water ponds in low areas. Material below 1 inch is similar to sample S-1. Surface inch is a platy, brown (10YR 5/3, moist), heavy silt loam. |
S-3 |
---|
Surface 6 inches sampled with a spade near crest of highest point in northeast part of field. Color is a mixture of gray (2.5Y 5/ ), grayish-brown (10YR 5/2), and yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4). The texture is a shaly, silty clay loam. Coarse particles (>2 mm) make up about 40 to 50 percent of sample; these are mostly shale fragments, <70 mm in length, with a few ferruginous siltstone and coal fragments and iron-manganese oxide nodules. The structure is clods, irregular to rounded in shape, which contain many small shale fragments. |
S-4 |
---|
Surface 6 inches sampled with a spade. Similar to S-3, except more shale fragments gray in color (2.5Y 5/ ). |
S-5 |
---|
This sample is representative of the surface 6 inches of Field 2. Color is a mixture of brown (10YR 4/3), yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4), and grayish-brown (10YR 5/2). The texture is a shaly, silty clay loam. Coarse particles (>2 mm) make up about 20 to 25 percent of the sample; these are mostly shale fragments <70 mm in length, with a few ferruginous siltstone and coal fragments and iron-manganese oxide nodules. The structure is clods, irregular in shape, which contain many small shale fragments. |
Appendix E—Field Descriptions of Minesoil Auger Sites
Procedures and terms are those used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (1951, 1975).
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
A-2 |
---|---|---|
C1 | 0-6 | Light olive-brown (2.5Y 5/4) and brown (10YR 4/3) shaly clay loam, with common light-gray (10YR 6/ ) and yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) clods, spheroidal to irregular in shape; coarse particles, >2 mm, make up about 20 to 25 percent of this layer, are mostly shale fragments with some ferruginous siltstone and sandstone fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules. |
C2 | 6-12 | Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) shaly, silty clay loam, with common light-gray (10YR 6/ ) and brown (10YR 4/3) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 15 percent, are mostly shale fragments with some ferruginous siltstone and sandstone fragments, some of the siltstone fragments have black coatings; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules; many visible clods. |
C3 | 12-40 | Brown (10YR 4/3) shaly, silty clay loam, with some yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), light-gray (10YR 6/ ) and light olive-brown (2.5Y 5/4) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 15 to 20 percent, are mostly shale fragments with some ferruginous siltstone and sandstone fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules; many visible voids. Less than 5 percent of fragments are more than 2 inches in length. |
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
A-3 |
---|---|---|
C1 | 0-6 | Brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) and a few light-gray (10YR 6/ ) clods spheroidal to irregular in shape; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 10 percent are mostly shale fragments with some ferruginous siltstone, sandstone, and coal fragments, most of the siltstone fragments have black coatings; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules. |
C2 | 6-12 | Brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) clods; coarse particles (>2mm), about 5 percent, are mostly shale fragments with some ferruginous siltstone and sandstone fragments, most of the siltstone fragments have black coatings; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules; many visible voids. |
C3 | 12-40 | Brown (7.5YR 4/4), yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4), and light-gray (10YR 6/ ) shaly clay loam; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 30 to 40 percent, are mostly ferruginous siltstone and shale fragments with some sandstone fragments, about 15 percent of the fragments are more than 2 inches in length and they are mostly ferruginous siltstone; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules; many visible voids. |
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
A-4 |
---|---|---|
C1 | 0-6 | Brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) and light-gray (10YR 6/ ) clods, spheroidal to irregular in shape; coarse particles (>2 mm ), about 10 percent, are mostly shale fragments with some ferruginous siltstone, sandstone, and coal fragments; a few iron-manganese nodules. |
C2 | 6-12 | Brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam, with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) and light-gray (10YR 6/ ) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 10 percent, are mostly ferruginous siltstone fragments with some shale, sandstone, and coal fragments, some of the shale fragments are gray (2.5Y 5/ ) in color; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules. |
C3 | 12-30 | Brown (10YR 4/3) and yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) shaly clay loam, with common brown (7.5YR 4/4) and light-gray (10YR 7/ ) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 15 percent, are mostly ferruginous siltstone fragments with some shale, sandstone, and coal fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules; common visible voids. |
C4 | 30-40 | Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (10YR 4/3) shaly, silty clay loam, with common light-gray (10YR 6/ ) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 15 percent, are mostly ferruginous siltstone fragments and some shale, sandstone, and coal fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules; common visible voids. |
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
A-8 |
---|---|---|
C1 | 0-6 | Brown (10YR 4/3) shaly, silty clay loam, with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) clods, spheroidal to irregular in shape; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 20 percent, are mostly shale fragments with some sandstone and ferruginous siltstone fragments and a few gray (2.5Y 5/ ) shale fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules. |
C2 | 6-12 | Brown (10YR 4/3) shaly silt loam; with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 20 percent, are mostly ferruginous siltstone with some sandstone and shale fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules. |
C3 | 12-40 | Dark yellowish-brown (10YR 4/4) shaly, silty clay loam, with some dark-brown (7.5YR 4/4) and light-gray (10YR 6/ ) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 20 percent, are mostly ferruginous siltstone and iron concretions of irregular shape with some shale and sandstone fragments; few iron-manganese oxide nodules; many visible voids; less than 10 percent of fragments are more than 2 inches in length. |
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
A-11 |
---|---|---|
C1 | 0-6 | Dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/3) shaly, silty clay loam, with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) clods, mostly spheroidal in shape; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 15 percent, are mostly shale fragments with some ferruginous siltstone, sandstone, and coal fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules. |
C2 | 6-12 | Dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/3) shaly, silty clay loam, with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 20 percent, are mostly shale fragments with some ferruginous siltstone, sandstone, coal fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules; many visible voids. |
C3 | 12-40 | Dark grayish-brown (2.5Y 4/3) shaly, silty clay loam, with common yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) clods; coarse particles (>2 mm), about 15 percent, are mostly shale fragments with some sandstone, ferruginous siltstone, and coal fragments; a few iron-manganese oxide nodules; many visible voids. |
Appendix F—Field Descriptions of Parsons Soil in Crawford County, Kansas
Described by Jarvis and others (1959).
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
|
---|---|---|
A1 | 0-7 | Dark-gray (10YR 4/1; 3/1 m) silt loam; weak granular; friable; pH 4.8. |
A21 | 7-13 | Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2; 3/1 m) silt loam; weak granular; friable; pH 5.4. |
A22 | 13-16 | Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2; 4/1 m) silt loam; few fine faint brownish-yellow mottles; weak granular; friable. |
B21t | 16-24 | Dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2; 3/2 m) silty clay; common coarse distinct brownish-yellow mottles; moderate mediUm subangular blocky breaking to moderate fine subangular block; very firm; pH 5.2. |
B22t | 24-36 | Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2; 4/2 m) silty clay; many coarse prominent brownish-yellow mottles; weak subangular blocky; very firm; pH 5.3. |
C1 | 36-47 | Light brownish-gray (10YR 6/2; 2.5Y 5/2 m) silty clay; many coarse prominent brownish-yellow mottles; massive; very firm; many black iron concretions; pH 5.8. |
C2 | 47-60+ | Light brownish-gray (10YR 6/2; 2.5Y 6/2 m) silty clay loam; many coarse prominent brownish-yellow mottles; massive; firm; pH 6.2. |
Appendix G—Field Description of Parsons Soil in Bourbon County, Kansas
Description from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (1981).
Horizon | Depth (inches) |
|
---|---|---|
AP | 0-7 | Very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam; weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many fine roots and worm casts; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. |
A21 | 7-11 | Mixed dark-gray (10YR 4/1) and gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; weak fine and very fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. |
A22 | 11-15 | Gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; few fine distinct yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. |
B21t | 15-20 | Dark-gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay, light-gray (10YR 7/1) silt coatings on peds; common fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate fine and medium blocky structure; very hard, very firm; many fine roots, but less than above horizon; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. |
B22t | 20-27 | Dark-gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay; common fine and medium distinct yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and medium blocky and subangular blocky structure; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. |
B3 | 27-39 | Mixed dark-gray (5Y 4/1) and gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay, common fine and medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak medium subangular block structure; very hard, very firm; clay films on ped faces; few fine roots; black coatings through old root channels; few fine black concretions and stains; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. |
C1 | 39-52 | Coarsely mottled strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), gray (5Y 6/1), and reddish-brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay; massive; hard, firm; black coatings through old root channels; common soft black masses; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. |
C2 | 52-63 | Coarsely mottled strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), gray (5Y 6/1), and reddish-brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay; massive; hard, firm; black coatings through old root channels; common soft black masses; moderately alkaline. |
C3 | 63-73 | Continuation of above horizon; diffuse wavy boundary. |
C4 | 73-85 | Coarsely mottled gray (5Y 6/1) and strong brown (7.5 YR 5/6) silty clay; weak subangular block and blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few black concretions and common black stains; few rounded pebbles less than 1/4 inch in size; moderately alkaline. |
Appendix H—Chemical Analysis of Surface-water Samples
(Concentrations are ppm [mg/l], except pH)
W-1
Parameter | Date Collected | ||
---|---|---|---|
01/20/1976 | 05/04/1976 | 07/13/1976 | |
pH | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.0 |
Hardnessa | 72 | 100 | 100 |
Ca | 16 | 26 | 28 |
Mg | 7.8 | 8.5 | 7.3 |
Na | 10 | 17 | 9.8 |
K | 4.6 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
Fe | .69 | 1.5 | .30 |
Mn | .30 | 2.3 | .96 |
Alkalinityb | 28 | 24 | 12 |
Cl | 10 | 5 | 4 |
SO4 | 86 | 105 | 107 |
NO3 | .6 | .6 | .3 |
F | .7 | .3 | .1 |
PO4 | .08 | .15 | .16 |
B | .16 | .08 | .07 |
Cu | .01 | .00d | .00 |
Pb | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Zn | .02 | .25 | .03 |
Cr | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Cd | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Ag | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Ni | .01 | --c | .00 |
SiO2 | -- | 13 | 12 |
(a) Hardness as CaCO3 (total) (b) Alkalinity as CaCO3 (total) (c) Not determined (d) Below detection limit |
W-7
Parameter | Date Collected | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
11/25/1975 | 01/20/1976 | 05/04/1976 | 07/13/1976 | |
pH | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 |
Hardnessa | 1690 | 1428 | 990 | 1230 |
Ca | --c | 304 | 176 | 228 |
Mg | -- | 163 | 134 | 161 |
Na | 45 | 41 | 33 | 29 |
K | 5.5 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 5.0 |
Fe | 36 | 44 | 19 | 21 |
Mn | 115 | 108 | 69 | 110 |
Alkalinityb | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cl | 18 | 9 | 11 | 10 |
SO4 | 2220 | 1890 | 1230 | 1828 |
NO3 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 5.7 |
F | -- | 1.6 | .9 | 1.1 |
PO4 | .00d | .06 | .16 | .05 |
B | .17 | .25 | .11 | .13 |
Cu | .02 | .02 | .01 | .04 |
Po | .20 | .00 | .02 | .04 |
Zn | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 4.0 |
Cr | .00 | .01 | .00 | .01 |
Cd | .01 | .00 | .01 | .01 |
Ag | .02 | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Ni | -- | 1.6 | -- | 1.9 |
SiO2 | -- | 25 | 21 | 27 |
(a) Hardness as CaCO3 (total) (b) Alkalinity as CaCO3 (total) (c) Not determined (d) Below detection limit |
W-8
Parameter | Date Collected | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
11/25/1975 | 01/20/1976 | 05/04/1976 | 07/13/1976 | |
pH | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
Hardnessa | 1720 | 1529 | 1080 | 1300 |
Ca | --c | 308 | 211 | 256 |
Mg | -- | 185 | 134 | 161 |
Na | 63 | 59 | 45 | 40 |
K | 6.8 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 5.8 |
Fe | 4.6 | 14 | 2.1 | 0.63 |
Mn | 66 | 65 | 40 | 56 |
Alkalinityb | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
Cl | 9 | 7 | 10 | 10 |
SO4 | 2040 | 1740 | 1232 | 1460 |
NO3 | .1 | .8 | .7 | .4 |
F | -- | 1.2 | .8 | 1.0 |
PO4 | .00d | .08 | .18 | .06 |
B | .17 | .37 | .14 | .20 |
Cu | .01 | .01 | .01 | .02 |
Pb | .20 | .00 | .03 | .02 |
Zn | .98 | .94 | .93 | 2.0 |
Cr | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Cd | .00 | .00 | .01 | .01 |
Ag | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Ni | -- | 0.78 | -- | .90 |
SiO | -- | 18 | 16 | 18 |
(a) Hardness as CaCO3 (total) (b) Alkalinity as CaCO3 (total) (c) Not determined (d) Below detection limit |
W-9
Parameter | Date Collected | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
11/25/1975 | 01/20/1976 | 05/04/1976 | 07/13/1976 | |
pH | 5.4 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.7 |
Hardnessa | 1040 | 1008 | 745 | 820 |
Ca | --c | 208 | 157 | 172 |
Mg | -- | 119 | 86 | 95 |
Na | 82 | 75 | 60 | 57 |
K | 7.5 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 5.8 |
Fe | .27 | 1.4 | .56 | .27 |
Mn | 11 | 16 | 11 | 11 |
Alkalinityb | 20 | 28 | 44 | 38 |
Cl | 17 | 15 | 9 | 8 |
SO4 | 1180 | 1095 | 772 | 884 |
NO3 | 1.0 | .9 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
F | -- | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
PO4 | .00d | .00 | .14 | .09 |
B | .23 | .32 | .21 | .18 |
Cu | .01 | .01 | .00 | .00 |
Pb | .10 | .00 | .00 | .02 |
Zn | .26 | .50 | .53 | .28 |
Cr | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Cd | .00 | .00 | .01 | .01 |
Ag | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Ni | -- | .20 | -- | .10 |
SiO2 | -- | 11 | 12 | 12 |
(a) Hardness as CaCO3 (total) (b) Alkalinity as CaCO3 (total) (c) Not determined (d) Below detection limit |
W-10
Parameter | Date Collected | ||
---|---|---|---|
11/25/1975 | 01/20/1976 | 05/04/1976 | |
pH | 5.1 | 4.9 | 6.4 |
Hardnessa | 1670 | 946 | 615 |
Ca | --c | 206 | 141 |
Mg | -- | 105 | 64 |
Na | 96 | 81 | 44 |
K | 10 | 7.9 | 4.6 |
Fe | .86 | .45 | .72 |
Mn | 40 | 18 | 12 |
Alkalinityb | 12 | 10 | 20 |
Cl | 13 | 18 | 8 |
SO4 | 1770 | 1070 | 653 |
NO3 | .4 | 2.5 | 1.2 |
F | -- | .8 | .4 |
PO4 | .08 | .00d | .17 |
B | .20 | .29 | .13 |
Cu | .01 | .01 | .01 |
Pb | .10 | .00 | .00 |
Zn | 1.5 | .72 | .28 |
Cr | .01 | .00 | .00 |
Cd | .01 | .00 | .01 |
Ag | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Ni | -- | .46 | -- |
SiO2 | -- | 16 | 11 |
(a) Hardness as CaCO3 (total) (b) Alkalinity as CaCO3 (total) (c) Not determined (d) Below detection limit |
W-11
Parameter | Date Collected | ||
---|---|---|---|
11/25/1975 | 01/20/1976 | 05/04/1976 | |
pH | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.1 |
Hardnessa | 500 | 652 | 515 |
Ca | --c | 138 | 114 |
Mg | -- | 75 | 56 |
Na | 77 | 79 | 52 |
K | 8.2 | 8.4 | 4.9 |
Fe | .36 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
Mn | 4.0 | 4.7 | 3.9 |
Alkalinityb | 72 | 84 | 82 |
Cl | 45 | 41 | 17 |
SO4 | 494 | 646 | 483 |
NO3 | 26 | 7.6 | 7.1 |
F | -- | .6 | .6 |
PO4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | .7 |
B | .30 | .36 | .21 |
Cu | .01 | .01 | .00 |
Pb | .00d | .00 | .02 |
Zn | .09 | .18 | .19 |
Cr | .01 | .00 | .00 |
Cd | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Ag | .00 | .00 | .00 |
Ni | -- | .10 | -- |
SiO2 | -- | 8 | 11 |
(a) Hardness as CaCO3 (total) (b) Alkalinity as CaCO3 (total) (c) Not determined (d) Below detection limit |
Prev Page—Conclusions, References
Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Placed on web Oct. 25, 2018; originally published 1982.
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