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Coal Surface Mining and Reclamation

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Contents

Executive Summary

List of Chemical Abbreviations

Introduction

Purpose of Study

Mining History

Topography and Drainage

Geology

Climate

Vegetation

Soils

Water

Geology, by L. L. Brady, W. W. Hambleton, and D. A. Grisafe

Introduction

Experimental Procedures

Stratigraphy and Structure

Mineralogy and Chemistry

Coal, by J. E. Welch and L. L. Brady

Introduction

Experimental Procedures

Rowe and Dry Wood Coals from the Mine Site

Comparison of Rowe and Dry Wood Coals from Kansas with Interior Province Coals

Comparison of Rowe and Dry Wood Coals from Kansas and Missouri

Summary

Soil, by J. E. Welch and H. P. Dickey

Introduction

Experimental Procedures

Soil Types Present at the Mining Site

Properties of Parsons Soil

Mineralogy

Chemistry

Fertility

Comparison of properties of Parsons Soil and Minesoil

Morphology of Minesoil

Mineralogy

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Fertility

Summary

Water, by. J. E. Welch, D. O. Whittemore, and D. A. Grisafe

Introduction

Experimental Procedures

Surface Water

Groundwater

Summary

Land Reclamation, by J. E. Welch

Method

Field Treatments and Crop Yields

Conclusions

Conclusions

References

Acknowledgments

Appendices

Appendix A. Rock Core Descriptions (Pre-Mined)

Appendix B. Elemental Composition of the Laboratory Ash of the Rowe and Dry Wood Coals

Appendix C. Field Descriptions of Cores of Parsons Soil

Appendix D. Field Descriptions of Minesoil Surface Samples

Appendix E. Field Descriptions of Minesoil Auger Sites

Appendix F. Field Description of Parsons Soil in Crawford County, Kansas

Appendix G. Field Description of Parsons Soil in Bourbon County, Kansas

Appendix H. Chemical Analysis of Surface Water Samples

List of Chemical Abbreviations

Ag Silver
Al Aluminum
Al2O3 Aluminum oxide
As Arsenic
B Boron
Ba Barium
Be Beryllium
Ca Calcium
CaO Calcium oxide
Cd Cadmium
Ce Cerium
Cl Chloride
Co Cobalt
Cr Chromium
Cu Copper
DTPA Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
F Fluoride
Fe Iron
Fe2O3 Iron oxide
Ga Gallium
Ge Germanium
H3BO3 Boric acid
HCl Hydrochloric acid
Hg Mercury
H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
K Potassium
KCl Potassium chloride
K2Cr2O7 Potassium dichromate
K2O Potassium oxide
La Lanthanum
Li Lithium
Mg Magnesium
MgO Magnesium oxide
Mn Manganese
MnO Manganese oxide
Mo Molybdenum
Na Sodium
Na2O Sodium oxide
NH4 Ammonium
NH4C2H3O2 Ammonium acetate
NH4F Ammonium fluoride
NO3 Nitrate
Nb Niobium
Nd Neodymium
Ni Nickel
P Phosphorus
P2O5 Phosphorus pentoxide
Pb Lead
Rb RubidiUm
Sb Antimony
Sc Scandium
Se Selenium
Si Silicon
SiO2 Silicon dioxide
SO3 Sulfite
SO4 Sulfate
Sr StrontiUm
Th Thorium
Ti Titanium
TiO2 Titanium dioxide
U Uranium
V Vanadium
Y yttrium
Yb ytterbium
Zn Zinc
ZnS Zinc sulfide (sphalerite)
Zr Zirconium

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Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Placed on web Oct. 25, 2018; originally published 1982.
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