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Contents
Abstract
Previous work
Scope and purpose of the report
Gypsum mining in the United States
Kansas gypsum production
Acknowledgments
Geology and Properties of the Calcium Sulfate Minerals
Properties of gypsum
Physical properties
Varieties of gypsum
Properties of anhydrite
Relationships of the calcium sulfate minerals
Deposition of gypsum and anhydrite
Subsequent alteration of the calcium sulfate minerals
Gypsum in the Blaine Formation
Pioneer mine near Sun City
National Gypsum Company plant at Medicine Lodge
History of gypsum mining in Barber County
Geology of the Medicine Lodge gypsum deposits
Stratigraphy
Structure
Field relationships of gypsum and anhydrite
Petrology of gypsum and anhydrite
Lower part of the gypsum bed
Middle part of the gypsum bed
Upper part of the gypsum bed
Petrologic interpretations
Evidence for the hydration of anhydrite to gypsum
Evidence against hydration of anhydrite to gypsum
Relationships of the gypsum and anhydrite
Summary
Gypsum in the Wellington Formation
Evidence for gypsum in the Wellington formation
Gypsum outcrops
Surface slump structure indicating gypsum
Subsurface evidence of gypsum
Gypsum mines
Gypsite deposits
Individual deposits
Gypsum in northeastern Clay County
Longford gypsite deposit
Deposit northeast of Solomon
Gypsum Creek deposit and Solomon mine
Gypsum near Salina
Hope mine
Gypsum City gypsite deposit
Dillon gypsite deposit
St. Joe mine
Rhodes gypsite deposit
Henquenet cave
Gypsum near Peabody
Gypsum near Annelly
Burns gypsite deposit
Geuda Springs deposit
Mulvane gypsite deposit
Sumner County
Gypsum indicated in Highway Commission drill holes
Stratigraphic position of the gypsum beds in the Wellington formation
Relation of gypsum-anhydrite beds to Wellington salt beds
Correlation of individual gypsum beds
Conclusions regarding stratigraphy
Relation of gypsum to anhydrite
Hydration of an anhydrite bed
Original deposition of gypsum
Conclusions regarding the relationship of gypsum to anhydrite
Summary
Future possibilities of gypsum mining in the Wellington formation
Gypsum in the Easly Creek Shale
Gypsum production at Blue Rapids
History
Stratigraphy
Eskridge shale
Beattie limestone
Stearns shale
Bader limestone
Easly Creek shale
Crouse limestone
Blue Rapids shale
Funston limestone
Speiser shale
Wreford limestone
Matfield shale
Barneston limestone
Structural geology
General structure
Local structure
Occurrences of gypsum
Certainteed mine
Other occurrences of gypsum
U. S. Gypsum mine
Blue Rapids Gypsum Company mine
Fowler mine
Winter mine
Electric mine
Other localities
Petrology of the gypsum of the Blue Rapids area
Observations
Lower part of the gypsum bed
Middle part of the gypsum bed
Upper part of the gypsum bed
Petrologic interpretations
Original deposition of the gypsum
Evidence of recrystallization
Evidence relative to recrystallization during diagenesis
Evidence relative to recrystallization by ground water
Evidence relative to secondary solution and redeposition
Conclusions regarding origin
Original deposition
Subsequent alterations
Conclusions
Other Gypsum-Anhydrite Strata in Kansas
Day Creek dolomite
Stone Corral dolomite
Oaks shale member, Hamlin shale
Uses and Manufacture of Gypsum
Calcined gypsum
Plaster used in the building industry
Base-coat plasters
Finishing plaster
Prefabricated gypsum products
Reinforced gypsum concrete
Plaster used outside the building industry
Casting plaster
Pottery plaster
Industrial and molding plaster
Dental and orthopedic plaster
Plaster used in the plate glass industry
Raw gypsum
Source of sulfur
Industrial processing of gypsum
Calcining
Manufacturing special types of plaster
Manufacture of prefabricated gypsum products
Process for manufacture of sulfuric acid from gypsum
Deposits
Quality and supply
Transportation
Production
Future demand for gypsum
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Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Placed on web Feb. 20, 2018; originally published March 21, 1956.
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