Margaret A. Townsend

Research Associate, Geohydrology, Kansas Geological Survey

Ms. Townsend is no longer with the Survey.

Address Information

Kansas Geological Survey

1930 Constant Avenue

Lawrence, KS 66047-3724

Phone: (785) 864-2111

E-mail: townsend@kgs.ku.edu

Education

• B.S., Geology, Beloit College, Wisconsin, 1976
• University of Arizona, Field Hydrology course, 1978
• M.A., Geology, University of Texas at Austin, 1981

Professional Experience

• Research Associate, Geohydrology Section, Kansas Geological Survey, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 1985 to present.
• Geologist II, Kentucky Geological Survey, Lexington, Kentucky, 1980-1985.
• Research Assistant, Radian Corporation, Austin, Texas, 1979.
• Research Assistant, Center for Applied Research and Technology, San Antonio, Texas, 1978-1979, field thesis work.
• Research Assistant, Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, Texas, 1977-1978.
• Research Assistant, National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C., 1976-1977.
• Laboratory Assistant, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1976.
• Hydrologist, NSF Undergraduate Research Participant, Department of Geology, Beloit College, WI, 1975, field work.

Honors, Memberships and Affiliations

• Member, Geological Society of America
• Member, American Geophysical Union
• Registered Professional Geologist, Kansas, 2001 to present

Present Major Interests

Hydrologic and geochemical interactions of groundwaters with various rock units; study of movement of agrichemicals and tracers through the unsaturated zone to the groundwater; statistical analysis of geochemical data; use of isotopes in tracer studies.

Grants and Contracts Awarded

• Macfarlane, A., Townsend, M. A., Baker, D., Huggins, D., Dukstein, R., 2008. Proposal to USEPA, Environmental stewardship of an urban stream in Kansas City, Kansas: Accepted by USEPA August 2008, $19,999.00
• Townsend, M. A., 2007. Nitrate Contamination in the Ground Water in Leavenworth Rural Water District #7, Contract with Rural Water District #7, $4,655
• Townsend, M. A., 2006. Identify Sources of Nitrate in the Area of Lincolnville, KS, Contract proposal with KDHE and Servi-Tech Laboratories $5,468
• Sophocleous, M.A., Townsend, M. A., Vocasek, F., and Zupancic, J., 2006. Fate of Nitrate Beneath Fields Irrigated with Treated Wastewater in Ford County, Kansas, Using Field Data and Preferential Flow Modeling: KWRI USGS grant, $9,300
• Macfarlane, P. A., Bohling, G. C., and Townsend, M. A., 2005-2007, Continued Development of the Interactive Prototype Plume Busters software, an Educational Tool for Undergraduate Ground-water Science: NSF CCLI-Educational Materials Development grant, funded, $74,530
• Sophocleous, M. A., Townsend, M. A., Vocasek, F., and Zupancic, J., 2005, Fate of Nitrate beneath Fields Irrigated with Treated Wastewater in Ford County, Kansas, Using Field Data and Preferential Flow Modeling: KWRI USGS grant, $20,868
• Sophocleous, M. A., Townsend, M. A., Willison, T., Vocasek, F., and Zupancic, J., 2004, Fate of Nitrate beneath Fields Irrigated with Treated Wastewater in Ford County, Kansas, Using Field Data and Preferential Flow Modeling: KWRI USGS grant, $28,812
• Townsend, M. A., Clark, G., Young, D. P., 2004, High Plains Aquifer Information Network (HIPLAIN), KWRI (USGS) grant, $12,000
• Macfarlane, P. A., Townsend, M. A., and Wilson, B., 2004, A Contract Proposal to the National Cave and Karst Research Institute to Revise the Kansas Portion of the USGS Karst Map & Establish a User-driven Database for Karst Mapping, $7,999
• Macfarlane, P. A. and Townsend, M. A., 2004, The Prototype Web-Based Interactive Ground-water Tutor, NSF supplemental funding for Ground-water shortcourse for high school teachers, July 2004, $11,968
• Macfarlane, P. A., Bohling, G. C., and Townsend, M. A., 2004, Continued Development of the Interactive Prototype Plume Busters Software, an Educational Tool for Undergraduate Ground-Water SScience: NSF CCLI-Educational Materials Development grant, $74,530 for 2 years
• Macfarlane, P. A., and Townsend, M. A., 2003, Water and the Future of Kansas: Kansas Water Resources Institute, Planning grant for March 2004 meeting, $8,718
• Townsend, M. A., Clark, G., and Young, D. P., 2003, High Plains Aquifer Information Network: Proposal: Kansas Water Resources Institute, $12,000
• Townsend, M. A., Clark, G., and Young, D. P., 2002, High Plains Aquifer Information Network: Proposal: Kansas Water Resources Institute, $20,000
• Macfarlane, P. A., and Townsend, M. A., 2002, The Prototype Web-based Interactive Ground-Water Tutor, NSF proposal, 2003-2005, $158,181
• Townsend, M. A., 2002, City of Hays, Nitrogen-15 Analyses on Ground Water and Soils, Soils Analyses, and KGS Chemical Analyses on Ground Water, $400 for analyses
• Clark, G. C., Townsend, M. A., and Young, D. P., 2001, High Plains Aquifer Information Network (HIPLAIN): USGS KWRRI grant, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2003, $20,000
• Townsend, M. A., 1999, GMD2 Funding for Nitrogen-15 Isotope Analyses in Reno County Hog Lagoon Study, $440 for analyses
• Townsend, M. A., 1998, City of Oberlin Nitrogen-15 Isotope Identification of Nitrate Sources in Ground Water, 2001: $1,380
• Whittemore, D. O., Buddemeier, R. W., McElwee, C., Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., Macfarlane, P. A., Young, D. P., and Schloss, J. A. ,1998, High Plains Aquifer Evaluation Study, Kansas Water Office, $25,000
• Townsend, M. A., 1997, City of Haven, Haven, KS: Identification of Potential Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water, Haven, Kansas, $2,000 contract
• Townsend, M. A., 1995, Phillips County Heath Department, Phillipsburg, KS, Identification of Potential Sources of Nitrate in Ground Water, Solomon River Basin, Kansas, $7,000 contract
• Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., Sleezer, R. O., 1994, KWRRI, Effects of Soil Variability on Nitrate Transport: 2nd yr KWRI USGS grant, $44,495
• Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., and Healey, J., 1993, Ciba-Geigy, Kansas Atrazine Ground-water Sampling Project, $20,000
• Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., Sleezer, R. O., 1993, Effects of Soil Variability on Nitrate Transport: KWRI USGS grant, $49,755
• Received $100 donation of equipment and supplies for K.U., 1994, Expanding Your Horizons Wet and Wild Workshop
• Townsend, M. A., Juracek, K., and Sleezer, R. O., 1991, Equus Beds Pollution Prevention Project, EPA, $51,558 first year ($73,643 for July 1992-September 1994)
• Townsend, M. A., 1988-1990, Migration of nitrates and herbicides in sandy soils: Contributions from the following agencies: 1. Kansas NRCS field work; cost of soil chemical analyses at Kansas State University; 2. GMD #5 supplied raingauge, cost of nitrogen-15 isotope analyses; 3. GMD #4 cost of soil analyses and nitrogen-15 isotope analyses on water and soils; 4. National Soils Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska, chemical and mineralogical analyses on cores; 5. Kansas Department of Agriculture, Division of Laboratories (Topeka) atrazine analyses
• Macfarlane, P. A., Townsend, M. A., and Whittemore, D. O., 1986-1988, The Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of Groundwaters in the Lower Cretaceous and Lower Permian (Cedar Hills) Rocks of Central Kansas, Kansas Corporation Commission Grant, $100,000

Publications:

• Responses to review for/by state and federal agencies from the Kansas Geological Survey, including agency review transmittal forms, and environmental assessment comments for calendar year 2008: KGS OFR 2009-7, Section E: Responses prepared by Margaret A.Townsend.
• Sophocleous, M. A., Townsend, M. A., Vocasek, F., and Liwang, M. A., 2008, Treated wastewater and nitrate transport beneath irrigated fields--a Kansas water reuse project: 2008 Joint Meeting of The Geological Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies with the Gulf Coast Section of SEPM, Paper No. 64-3.[abstract online]
• Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., Macko, S. A., Ghijsen, R., Schuette, D. 2008, Effects of macropore flow and seasonal variability on water quality at a wastewater-recharge site: 25th Annual Water and the Future of Kansas Conference, Topeka, KS, abstract, p. 15.
• Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., Macko, S. A., Ghijsen, R., and Schuette, D., 2008, Use of nitrogen-15 and boron, bromide, and chloride concentrations as tracers to identify mixing and seasonal variability of water quality at a wastewater-recharge site, Dodge City, Kansas: 53rd Midwest Ground Water Conference, Dubuque, Iowa, abstract, p. 51.
• Townsend, M. A., 2008, Use of the nitrogen-15 natural abundance method to identify potential sources of nitrate-N contamination in ground water utilized by Rural Water District #7, Leavenworth County, Kansas: Final Report for Rural Water District #7 Bonner Springs, Kansas, Open-file Report 2008-31, 25 p. [available online]
• Townsend, M. A., Nelson, Nathan O., Goard, Deborah, Presley, DeAnn, 2008, Reusing dredged sediment: geochemical and ecological considerations, in, Sedimentation in our reservoirs: causes and solutions: Kansas State University, June 2008, Contribution no. 08-250-S from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, p. 103-146. [PDF Online]
• Macpherson, G. L., Roberts,J. A., Blair, J.M., Townsend, M. A., Fowle, D. A.,and Beisner, K. R., 2008, Increasing shallow groundwater CO2 and limestone weathering, Konza Prairie, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, issue 23, p. 5581-5599.
• Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M. A., Vocasek, F., Ma, L., and KC, Ashok, (in press 2009) Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: field measurements and simulation results: Journal of Environmental Quality.
• Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., Macko, S. A., Ghijsen, R., and Schuette, D., 2007, Effects of macropore flow and seasonal variability on water quality at a wastewater-recharge site: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, no. 6, p. 190. [abstract online]
• Townsend, M. A., and Sleezer, R. O., 2007, Factors affecting spatial patterns of vadose-zone nitrate in south-central Kansas: in, Concepts and Applications in Environmental Geochemistry, Developments in Environmental Science 5, D. Sakar, R. Datta, and R. Hannigan, (eds.): Elsevier, p. 381-406.
• Townsend, M. A., Rule, A. C., Meyer, M. A., Dockstader, C. J., 2007, Teaching the nitrogen cycle and human health interactions: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 55, no. 2, p. 158-168.
• Townsend, M. A., Macko, S. A., Ghijsen, R., Thompson, J., Schneider, N., and Schuette, D., 2007, Variations in nitrogen water chemistry, soil content, and plant uptake at a wastewater irrigation site: Geological Society of America, Joint South-Central and North-Central Sections, 41st Annual Meeting (April 11-13, 2007), Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, no. 3, p. 5.[Online]
• Townsend, M. A., and Macko, S.A., 2007, Preliminary identification of ground-water nitrate sources using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Current Research in Earth Sciences, Bulletin 253, part 3, 11 p. [available online]
• Towsend, M. A., 2007, Use of the Nitrogen-15 Natural abundance method and other chemical tracers to identify nitrate sources at Lincolnville, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2007-13, 31 p. [available online]
• Rule, A., and Townsend, M. A., 2007, Use of the nitrogen cycle to assist teachers with environmental and geohealth topics: Joint South-Central and North-Central Sections, 41st Annual Meeting (April 11-13, 2007) Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, no. 3, p. 13. [Online]
• Responses to review for/by state and federal agencies from the Kansas Geological Survey, including agency review transmittal forms, and environmental assessment comments for calendar year 2007: KGS OFR 2008-7, Section E: Responses prepared by Margaret A.Townsend.
• Townsend, M. A., Macko, S. A., Sophocleous, M.A., Vocasek, F., Schuette, D., and Ghijsen, R., 2006, Documenting seasonal variation at a wastewater irrigation site through stable isotopes: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 38, no. 7, p. 40. [Online]
• Sophocleous, M. A., Townsend, M. A., Willson, T., Vocasek, F., and Zupancic, J., 2006, Fate of Nitrate Beneath Fields Irrigated with Treated Wastewater in Ford County, Kansas: Kansas Water Research Institute First-Year Progress Report, Kansas Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2007-14, 62 p.
• Sophocleous, M.A., Townsend, M. A., Willson, T., and Vocasek, F., 2006, Preferential flow and transport of nitrate beneath fields irrigated with treated wastewater in Ford County, Kansas: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 38, no. 7, p. 40. [Online]
• Responses to review for/by state and federal agencies from the Kansas Geological Survey, including agency review transmittal forms, and environmental assessment comments for calendar year 2006: KGS Open-file Report 2006-7, Section E, Responses prepared by Margaret A. Townsend.
• Macfarlane, P. A., Bohling, G., Thompson, K. W., Townsend, M. A., 2006, Helping students make the transition from novice learner of ground-water concepts to expert using the Plume Busters Software: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 54, no. 5, p. 610-619.
• Townsend, M. A., 2005, Sources of Nitrate at McPherson County Feeders, McPherson County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2005-35, 21 p. [available online]
• Townsend, M. A., 2005, Geology and human health--a new partnership in the making: 22nd Annual Water and the Future of Kansas Conference, "Political Science of Water: Integrating Science into Policy," March 2005.
• Responses to review for/by state and federal agencies from the Kansas Geological Survey, including agencyreview transmittal forms, and environmental assessment comments for calendar year 2004: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2005-7, E., Reviews by Margaret Townsend.
• Macfarlane, P.A., Townsend, M. A., and Ohlmacher, G., 2005, Midcontinent Meeting for the National Karst Map Project-Field Trip Notes: KGS Open-File Report 2005-50, 79 p. [available online]
• Macfarlane, P. A., Townsend, M. A., and Bohling, G. C., 2005, The prototype Plume Busters software--a new tool for computer-assisted instruction in undergraduate-level earth and environmental science education: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 37, no. 7, p. 515.
• Macfarlane, P. A., and Townsend, M. A., 2005, Crystal Spring: a window into the hydrogeology of the Flint Hills region of Kansas: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 37, no. 7, p. 438.
• Townsend, M. A., and Whittemore, D. O., 2005, Identification of nitrate and chloride sources affecting municipal well waters of the city of McPherson, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2005-34, 23 p. [available online]
• Townsend, M. A., Macfarlane, P. A., Sophocleous, M. A. and Whittemore, D. O., 2005, Overview of anthropogenic and natural contaminant impacts on the High Plains aquifer in Kansas: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 37, no. 7, p. 248. [Abstract]
• Townsend, M. A., and Macko, S. A., 2005, Evapoconcentration not an indicator of nitrate in Kansas ground water: 15 V. M. Goldschmidt Conference, May 2005, Moscow, Idaho, Abstracts, p. A605. [PDF Online]
• Macfarlane, P. A., and Townsend, M. A., 2004, Evaporite Karst and Ground-water Flow, Discharge, and Quality in the Crystal Spring Catchment Area in the Central Flint Hills of Kansas, in Johnson, K. S., and Neal, J. T., eds. Evaporite karst and engineering/environmental problems in the United States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular, 109 p.
• Young, D. P., Briggeman, S., Townsend, M. A. and Clark, G., 2004, High Plains Aquifer information network (HIPLAIN)-Year 2: 21st Annual Water and the Future of Kansas Conference, Competing Priorities: Resolving Conflicts, March 2004, Lawrence, Kansas, Program and Abstracts, p. 45.
• Townsend, M. A., and Whittemore, D. O., 2004, Natural and anthropogenic sources of contamination to the surface and ground waters of Kansas: Geology and Human Health NSF On the Cutting Edge--Professional Development for Geoscience Faculty Workshop, Chico Hot Springs, Pray, MT, May 2004, invited participant. [Image]
• Townsend, M. A., and Sleezer, R. O., 2004, Implications of temporal and spatial variability in nitrate-N concentrations derived from soil-water samplers and soil cores in the vadose zone of south-central Kansas: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 330. [Abstract] p. 162. [Abstract]
• Townsend, M. A., and Macko, S. A., 2004, Use of Nitrogen-15 Isotope Method in Soils and Ground Water to Determine Potential Nitrogen Sources Affecting a Municipal Water Supply in Kansas, USA: American Geophysical Union, EOS Transactions, v. 85, no. 47 Abstract H41D-0330. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., Macfarlane, P. A., Bohling, G. C., and Case, S. B., 2004, The ground water tutor--an interactive method to develop understanding of hydrogeology and environmental issues: Geological Society of America, North Central Section meeting, Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, no. 3, p. 48. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., and Davis, J. C. 2004, Have you considered donating your favorite data set to the education community?: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, no. 5. 162 p. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., Clark, G. A., Young, D. P., and Briggeman, S., 2004, HIPLAIN--The High Plains Aquifer information network www.hiplain.org: 21st Annual Water and the Future of Kansas Conference, Competing Priorities: Resolving Conflicts, March 11, 2004, Lawrence, Kansas, Program and Abstracts, p. 18.
• Macfarlane, P.A., Townsend, M. A., Bohling, G.C., Reber, A., Case, S., 2004, The summer 2004 ground-water workshop for secondary teachers of Earth and Environmental Science: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report no. 2004-47.
• Macfarlane, P. A., Townsend, M. A., Bohling, G. C., and Case, S. B., 2004, A teacher's guide to plume busters: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report no. 2004-60, 74 p. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., 2004, Geology and human health--revisiting an old topic: American Institute of Hydrology and Association of Engineering Geology, 13th Annual Kansas Hydrology Seminar, November 19, 2004, Topeka, KS, p. 5.
• Townsend, M. A., Young, D. P., and Macko, S. A., 2003, Kansas case study applications of nitrogen-15 natural abundance method for identification of nitrate sources: Journal of Hazardous Substance Research, vol. 4, no. 4, 22 p. [PDF]
• Townsend, M. A., Young, D. P. and Macko, S. A., 2003, Use of nitrogen-15 natural abundance method to identify nitrate sources in Kansas ground water: The Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on the Application of Waste Remediation Technologies to Agricultural Contamination of Water Resources. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., Young, D., Clark, G. and Briggeman, S., 2003 High Plains aquifer information network (HIPLAIN web site): Water and the Future of Kansas Conference Proceedings, March 11, 2003, Manhattan, Kansas.
• Townsend, M. A., and Young, D.P., 2003, If you look for it you will find it--water quality problems in Kansas: Geological Society of America, North-Central section, 37th Annual Meeting, March 24-25, 2003, Kansas City, MO. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., and Macko, S. A., 2003, The use of nitrogen-15 natural abundance: a method for source identification of agricultural based nitrate: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Joint Annual meeting, November 2-3, 2003, Denver, CO., Abstracts, CD-ROM, A05-townsend575581, invited paper.
• Townsend, M. A., and Macfarlane, P. A., 2003, Seasonality effects on karst aquifers; in, Proceedings of the Ninth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst Conference, B. F. Beck, ed.: American Society of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Special Publication 122, p. 277-286.
• Townsend, M. A., 2003, Sources of nitrate near Horton, KS: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2003-75, 14 p.
• Macfarlane, P. A., Townsend, M. A., Bohling, G., Case, S., and Reber, A., 2003, A preliminary teacher's guide to the interactive ground-water tutor: Kansas Geological Survey, Open File Report 2003-65, 57 p.
• Macfarlane, P. A., and Townsend, M. A., 2003, Evaporite karst and ground-water flow, discharge, and quality in the Crystal Spring catchment area in the Central Flint Hills of Kansas; in, Evaporite karst and engineering/environmental problems in the United States, K. S. Johnson, and J. T. Neal, eds.: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 109, p. 177-182.
• Buddemeier, R. W., Whittemore, D. O., Young, D. P., Wilson, B. B., Hecox, G. R., Townsend, M. A., and Macfarlane, P. A., 2003, Data, research, and technical support for Ogallala-High Plains aquifer assessment, planning, and management: Kansas Geological Survey, Open File Report 2003-41, 21 p. [PDF]
• Bohling, G. C., Macfarlane, P. A., Townsend, M. A., and Case, S. B., 2003, The prototype interactive ground-water tutor--a new tool for computer assisted instruction in secondary and undergraduate-level Earth and Environmental science education: Eos Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 84, no. 46, Fall Meeting. Supplement, Abstract ED32C-1226.
• Townsend, M. A., Young, D. P., and Hecox, G., 2002, Potential impacts of past land use and recharge rates on the Ogallala Aquifer--Water Quality Issues in Kansas: Denver Geological Society of America Annual Meeting abstract, v. 34, no. 6, p. 97. [Abstract]
• Townsend, M. A., Young, D. P., and Hecox, G., 2002, Potential impacts of past land use and recharge rates on the Ogallala aquifer - water quality issues in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2002-58, 17 p.
• Townsend, M. A. and Sophocleous, M. A., 2002, Review of Harper County landfill site: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2002-56, 4 p. 8 appendices.
• Townsend, M. A., 2002, Potential sources of nitrate-nitrogen affecting the city of Hays Big Creek well field: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file report 2002-55, 19 p.
• Macfarlane, P. A. and Townsend, M. A., 2002, Assessment of contamination potential of a high-yielding spring from focused recharge of stream-flow through sinkholes in the Flint Hills of Kansas: Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting Abstracts and Program, Denver, CO, Paper A101-5. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., Macko, S. A., and Young, D. P., 2001, Distribution and sources of nitrate-nitrogen in Kansas groundwater, in, Optimizing Nitrogen Management in Food and Energy Production and Environmental Protection: Proceedings of the 2nd International Nitrogen Conference on Science and Policy, The Scientific World 1 (S2), p. 216-222. [Abstract]
• Townsend, M. A., 2001, Denitrification--a clean-up mechanism for high nitrate ground water near an active swine facility?: American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting Abstracts, EOS Transactions, v. 82, no. 20, May 15, 2001, p. S160.
• Townsend, M. A., 2001, Use of natural abundance nitrogen-15 isotope method to identify sources of nitrate in ground water near Oberlin, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2001-50, 20 p.
• Schulmeister, M. K., Butler, J. J., Jr., Whittemore, D. O., Birk, S., Healey, J. M, McCall, G. W., Sellwood, S. M. and Townsend, M. A., 2001, A new direct-push-based approach for the chemical investigation of stream-aquifer interactions: Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting Abstracts with Program, v. 33, no. 6, 426 p.
• Townsend, M. A., and Young, D. P., 2000, Assessment of nitrate-nitrogen distribution in Kansas Groundwater, 1990-1998: Natural Resources Research, v. 9, no. 2, p. 125-134. [PDF]
• Townsend, M. A., and Young, D. P., 2000, Atrazine and its metabolites as indicators of stream-aquifer interaction in Kansas, USA: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 78, no.1, p. 9-23.
• Townsend, M. A., 2000, Use of nitrogen-15 to identify sources of increasing Nitrate-N in four Wichita municipal wells: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2000-74, 28 p.
• Townsend, M. A., 2000, Reno County Swine Facility Report: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2000-41, 26 p. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., and Young., D. P., 1999, Impact of water quality on sustainability (or usability) of the High Plains aquifer in Kansas - focus on nitrate: Geological Society of America, 1999 Annual Meeting Abstracts and Programs, October 1999, Denver, CO, p. A-493.
• Townsend, M. A., and Young., D. P., 1999, Atrazine and its metabolites as indicators of stream -aquifer interaction in Kansas: Seventh Symposium on the Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides, September 13-15, 1999, Abstracts, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, p. 27.
• Townsend, M. A., and Young, D. P., 1999, Preliminary assessment of the distribution and sources of nitrate-nitrogen in Kansas ground water: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 99-45, 28 p.
• Townsend, M. A., and Young, D. P., 1999, Nitrate in Kansas ground water: Kansas Geological Survey, Public Information Circular 14. 4 p. [Online]
• Townsend, M. A., Vaughn, S., Macfarlane, P. A., Young, D. P., Schloss, J. A, (principal contributors); Buddemeier, R. W., Whittemore, D. O., McElwee, C., Mosteller, J., and Sophocleous, M, A. (other contributors), 1999, High Plains aquifer evaluation study - first year interim report to the Kansas Water Office: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 99-4.
• Townsend, M. A., 1999, Characterization of nitrate-N sources in Kansas ground water using nitrogen-15: Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Abstracts and Programs, October 1999, Denver, CO, p. A-452. Invited abstract.
• Townsend, M. A., 1999, Evaluation of sources of nitrate in ground water near Pretty Prairie, Kansas using nitrogen-15 isotope method: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 99-44, 14 p.
• Buddemeier, R. W., Whittemore, D. O., Bohling, G. C., Escobar, C. A., Guinotte, J. M., Macfarlane, P. A., McElwee, C. D., Mosteller, J. D., Schloss, J. A., Townsend, M. A., Vaughn, S. S., Young, D. P., and, Zheng, Li., 1999, High Plains evaluation: report of progress and products, FY 1999: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 99-21, 41 p.
• Townsend M. A., and Young D. P., 1998, Distribution of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Kansas Groundwater: 43rd Midwest Groundwater Conference Abstracts, Lawrence, KS, p. 13.
• Townsend, M. A., and Macko, S. A., 1998, Identifying sources of nitrate contamination of ground water, south-central Kansas: Amercian Geophysical Union, 1998 Spring Meeting Abstracts, p. S76.
• Townsend, M. A., 1998, Bibliography of Water Quality Impacts of Sand and Gravel Mining: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 98-51, 32 p.
• Townsend, M. A., Young, D. P., and Healey, J.,1997, Results of agrichemical survey of ground water in Kansas, 1993-1994: 42nd Annual Midwest Groundwater Conference, Program and Abstracts, October 22-24, 1997, Coralville, IA, p. 56.
• Townsend, M. A., Young, D. P., and Healey, J., 1997, Results of agrichemical survey of ground water in Kansas, 1993-1994: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 97-80, 44 p.
• Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., and Sleezer, R. O., 1997, Field-scale variability of soil properties influencing retention of plant-available nitrogen in central Kansas: Kansas Water Resources Research Institute, Contribution No. 326, 65 p.
• Townsend, M. A., 1997, Nitrate contamination of ground water in the vicinity of Haven, KS: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 97-79, 28 p.
• Townsend, M. A., Sleezer, R.O., and Macko, S.A. 1996, Effects of agricultural practices and vadose zone stratigraphy on nitrate concentration in groundwater in Kansas, USA. Water Science and Technology. v. 33. No. 4-5. p. 219-226. [PDF]
• Townsend, M. A., Sophocleous, M. A., and Sleezer, R. O., 1996, Effects of soil variability on nitrate transport: Kansas Water Resources Research Institute Contribution no. 319, 57 p.
• Townsend, M. A., 1996, Summary report of work on sources of nitrate-N in ground water, north and south forks of Solomon River basin: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 96-28, 42 p.
• Townsend, M. A., 1996, Potential sources of nitrate in South Fork of Beaver Creek Watershed, Sherman County, Kansas, Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs of North-Central Section, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, p. A-68.
• Healey, J. M., and Townsend, M. A., 1996, The use of monitoring equipment to detect contamination in ground and soil waters of the saturated and unsaturated zones: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 96-6, 11 p.
• Townsend, M. A., and Young, D.P. 1995, Factors affecting nitrate concentration in groundwater in Stafford County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Current Research on Kansas Geology, Bulletin 238, Spring issue, p. 1-9. [PDF]
• Townsend, M. A., Sleezer, R. O., and Macko, S. A., 1995, Effects of agricultural practices and vadose zone stratigraphy on nitrate concentration in ground water in Kansas, USA, in, Proceedings of the Second International Association on Water Quality Specialized Conference and Symposia on Diffuse Pollution, Part I--Brno and Prague, Czech Republic, August 13-18, 1995, V. Chour, ed.: International Association on Water Quality, p. 245-250.
• Townsend, M. A., and Sleezer, R. O., 1995, Drainage basin scale variation of nitrate-N concentrations in ground water, Harvey County, Kansas: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs of North-Central Secion and South-Central Section, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NB, p. A-90.
• Townsend, M. A., and Sleezer, R. O., 1995, Pollution prevention demonstration project, Harvey County, Kansas, final report submitted to Kansas Department of Health and Environment and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 95-74, 130 p.
• Townsend, M. A., 1995, Potential sources of nitrate in South Fork of Beaver Creek Watershed, Sherman County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 95-73, 25 p.
• Sleezer, R. O., Townsend, M. A., and Sophocleous, M., 1995, Using electromagnetic, laboratory, geostatistical, and geomorphic techniques to assess soil variability: American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy Abstracts, October 30- November 3, 1995, St. Louis, MO, p 298.
• Townsend, M. A., Young, D.P., and Macko, S., 1994, Migration of nitrate through the unsaturated zone in south-central Kansas; in, Agricultural Research to Protect Water Quality: Proceedings of Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, Iowa, p. 589-591.
• Townsend, M. A., and Xiaodong, J., 1994, Application of statistical methods for delineating water quality in the Dakota aquifer; Program and Abstracts: Water Energy Resources of the Dakota Aquifer, Workshop and Clinic, April 1994, Great Bend, KS, sponsored by the Kansas Groundwater Association and Kansas Geological Survey, p. 28.
• Townsend, M. A., and Sleezer, R. O., 1994, Effects of agricultural practices and soil stratigraphy on nitrate concentration in ground water in south-central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 94-58, 15 p.
• Townsend, M. A., and Sleezer, R. O., 1994, Factors affecting nitrate concentration in ground water in south-central Kansas: Agronomy Abstracts, American Society of Agronomy, November 13-16, Seattle, Washington, p. 48.
• Townsend, M. A., Macko, S. A., and Young, D. P., 1994, Natural 15N isotopic signatures in groundwater: a cautionary note on interpretations: American Geophysical Union, Abstracts, Baltimore, MD, May 23-27, p. 156.
• Townsend, M. A., Macko, S., Young, D. P., and Sleezer, R. O., 1994, Natural 15N isotopic signatures in ground water--a cautionary note on interpretation: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 94-29, 24 p.
• Townsend, M. A., and Xiaodong, Jian, 1993, Application of statistical methods for delineating water quality in the Dakota Aquifer: Kansas Geological Survey Open-file Report 93-1b.
• Townsend, M. A., and Young, D. P., 1992, Factors affecting nitrate concentration in ground water in east-central Stafford County, Kansas: 37th Annual Midwest Ground Water Conference Program with Abstracts, October 1992, Sioux Falls, SD, p. 25.
• Townsend, M. A., and Young, D. P.,1992, Factors affecting nitrate concentration in ground water in east-central Stafford County: Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 92-34, 35 p.
• Hickman, J. S., Finnell, P. R., and Townsend, M. A., 1992, Site evaluation section in Farm-A-Syst--Farmstead Assessment System: Kansas Cooperative Extension Service 29005-11W.
• Townsend, M. A., Hathaway, L., and Marks, E. T., 1991, Movement of nitrate through sandy soils in south-central Kansas: Water and the Future of Kansas Proceedings, March 1991, p. 46.
• Townsend, M. A., and Jian, Xiaodong, 1991, Use of discriminant and factor analysis for evaluation of water chemistry of the Dakota Aquifer, Kansas: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 5, p. 473, October 1991, San Diego, CA.
• Townsend, M. A., and Marks, E. T., 1990, Occurrence of nitrate in soil and ground water in sandy soils in south-central Kansas: Proceedings of NWWA, 1990 Cluster of Conferences, Agricultural Impacts on Ground Water Quality Session, February, 1990, Kansas City, MO, p. 145-157.
• Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M. A., and Whittemore, D.O., 1990, Movement and fate of agrichemicals in field soils as indicated by the simultaneous study of atrazine and bromide: a Kansas cropland case: Journal of Hydrology, v. 115, p. 115-137.
• Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M. A., Orountiotis, C., Evanson, R., Whittemore, D. O., Watts, C., and Marks, E. T., 1990, Movement and aquifer-contamination potential of atrazine and inorganic chemicals in central Kansas cropland: Kansas Geological Survey, Ground Water Series 12, 58 p.
• Macfarlane, P. A., Whittemore, D. O., Townsend, M. A., Doveton, J. H., Hamilton, V. J., Coyle, W. G. III, and Wade, A., 1990, Report of the first year of the Dakota aquifer program: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file 90-27, 302 p.
• Townsend, M. A., Shaukat, N., Healey, J., and McClain, T., 1989, January 1989 Kansas water levels and data related to water-level changes: Kansas Geological Survey, Ground Water Series 10, 144 p.
• Townsend, M. A., and Hathaway, L., 1989, Movement of nitrate through sandy soils in south-central Kansas: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 6, p. 42, November 1989, St. Louis, MO.
• Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M. A., and Whittemore, D. O., 1989, Aquifer contamination potential of atrazine in central Kansas croplands: Hazardous Waste Research Conference Proceedings, Engineering Extension, Kansas State University, p. 230-272.
• Townsend, M. A., Macfarlane, P. A., and Whittemore, D. O., 1988, Geochemical and geologic indicators of vertical mixing between Permian and Cretaceous units in central Kansas: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 20, no. 7, p. 171, October 1988, Denver, CO.
• Sophocleous, M. A., Townsend, M. A., Vogler, L., McClain, T., Marks, N., and Coble, G., 1988, Experimental studies in stream-aquifer interaction along the Arkansas River in central Kansas--field testing and analysis: Journal of Hydrology, v.98, p. 249-273.
• Macfarlane, P. A., Townsend, M. A., and Evans, D. L., 1988, Construction and use of multiple completion monitoring wells in hydrogeologic studies of deep aquifer systems--a case study from the Dakota aquifer of central Kansas: National Water Well Association, May 23-26, Las Vegas, NV, p. 391-415.
• Macfarlane, P. A., Townsend, M. A., and Whittemore, D. O., 1988, Hydrogeologic assessment of the continued suitability of shallow underground disposal of oil-field brines in the Cedar Hills Sandstone, central Kansas: Geological Society of America, South-Central Regional Meeting, March 14-15, 1988, Lawrence, KS, v. 20, no. 2, p. 123.
• Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M. A., Vogler, L., McClain, T., Marks, V., and Coble, G., 1987, Stream-aquifer interaction along the Arkansas River in central Kansas, field testing and analysis: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 87-2.
• Sophocleous, M. A., and Townsend, M. A., 1987, Experimental studies in stream-aquifer interaction--analysis and field testing along the Arkansas River in central Kansas: American Geophysical Union Transactions, v.68, no. 16, p. 307.
• Plebuch, R. O., Faust, R. J., and Townsend, M. A., 1985, Pontentiometric surface and water quality in the principal aquifer, Mississippian Plateaus region, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 84-4102.
• Townsend, M. A., Cordiviola, S., and others, 1983, Geologic cross sections and columnar sections for Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey Special Publication 10.
• Townsend, M. A., 1983, Occurrence of the fresh/salt water interface in Kentucky: Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section Abstracts with Programs, v. 15, no. 2, p. 97.
• Townsend, M. A., 1982, Impact of irrigation with sewage effluent on the chemistry of surface and ground waters, in proceedings of Fifth Annual Madison conference of Applied Research and Practice on Municipal and Industrial Waste: Dept. of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin - Extension, Madison, WI, p. 364-379.
• Townsend, M. A., Turk, L. J., and Sorber, C.A., 1980, Hydrogeology and health effects of a sewage irrigation site, Kerrville, Texas: Geological Soc. of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 12.
• Cordiviola, S., Townsend, M. A., Gilmore, M. K., and. Dugan, T, 1980, Indirect methods for delineating fresh-water aquifers in areas with limited water-quality information: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 12.
• Townsend, M. A., and Slezak, M. H., 1979, Tabular index; in, Catalog of Earth Photographs from the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, F. El-Baz, ed.: NASA Technical Memorandum 58218, Houston, Texas, p. 51-88.
• Townsend, M. A., Slezak, M. H., Jones, S. E., and Kitmacher, G.H., 1979, Map Index; in, Catalog of Earth Photographs from the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, F. El-Baz, ed.: NASA Technical Memorandum 58218, Houston, Texas, p. 3-50.

Professional Meetings and Short Courses

• Hydrogeology of Sedimentary Basins: Application to Exploration and Exploitation (NWWA) June 1986.
• Agricultural Impacts on Ground Water (NWWA) August 1986.
• Prevention of Groundwater Contamination (KU Law School) September 1986.
• Pesticides and Groundwater: A Health Concern for the Midwest, October 1986, St. Paul, MN.
• Ground-water Monitoring Seminar Series, EPA short course, January 1987, Kansas City, MO.
• National Symposium on Agricultural Chemicals and Ground Water Pollution Control, March 1987, Kansas City, MO.
• EPA Nonpoint Source Contamination Modelling Workshop, January 1988, Kansas City, KS.
• National Water Well Association, Agricultural Impacts on Ground Water - a Conference, March 1988, Des Moines, Iowa.
• State/EPA Pesticides in Ground Water Workshop, November 1988, Kansas City, KS.
• National Water Well Association, Cluster of Meetings, Agricultural Impacts on Groundwater Quality, February 1990.
• Hach Company Short Course on nitrates, July 1991, Loveland, CO.
• Dun and Bradstreet, Managing Multiple Priorities Workshop, Overland Park, KS, March 1991.
• EPA short course on Statistical analysis of ground-water monitoring data using the GRIDS computer program, June 1992. Kansas City, MO
• National Ground Water Association symposium on Agriculture and Ground Water, October 1993.
• Organizational meeting and training course for CIBA-Geigy sampling project, 1993.
• Certification for CIBY-Geigy sampling protocol course, 1993.
• Water and Energy Resources of the Dakota Aquifer: Workshop and Clinic, co-sponsored with the Kansas Ground Water Association, Great Bend, KS, 1994.
• 2nd International Water Association International Specialized Conference and Symposia on Diffuse Pollution, held in Brno and Prague, Czech Republic, 13-18 August 1995
• EPA Seminar on Monitored Natural Attenuation for Ground Water, KC, MO, fall 1998.
• The Seventh Symposium on The Chemistry and Fate of Modern Pesticides, September 14-16,1999, The Unversity of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.
• Invited talk to EPA/Hazardous Substance Research Center (KSU), Kansas City, MO, July 2002.
• Invited paper at Soil Science Society of America 2003 Annual meeting, Symposium - Stable isotopes in agriculturally-impacted Watersheds II, Annual Meeting Abstracts CD, November 2-3, 2003, Denver, CO.
• Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst conference, September 6-10, 2003, Huntsville, AL.
• NSF Cross-Cutting workshop, Geology and Health, May 2004, Chico Springs, Montana. V. M. Goldschmidt Conference, May 2005, Moscow, Idaho.
• NCRWPC 2008 workshop June, 2008 Manhattan, KS, Presented paper on Dodge City study,sponsored by NRCS in Salina, KS.
• Grant writing course at Union College Nebraska, March 2008

Workshops Given

• The 2004 Ground-water Workshop for Secondary Teachers of Earth and Environmental Science: Kansas Geological Survey, July 2004.
• Inquiry-Based Ground-water Science Instructional Materials and Curricula: 2005 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Macfarlane, A., Townsend, M. A., and Schulmeister, M., 2008 Inquiry-based ground-water science instructional materials for middle and high school science teachers, workshop (October 28, 2009, 9:30-11:30; 1-3 pm). [PDF]

Courses Attended

• Soil Conservation Service Neutron Probe Course, June 1986
• Well-log Analysis Class, August 1986, KU Department of Geology
• Statistics and Data Analysis Class, Fall 1986, KU Department of Geology
• Geostatistical Analysis, August 1993, Golden Colorado
• Geostatistics class, Fall 1993, KU Department of Geography
• Geog 749 Topics in Stable Isotopes in the Natural Sciences, spring 2001
• Geog 749 Topics in Stable Isotopes in the Natural Sciences, spring 2005

Kansas Geological Survey, Geohydrology Section
Updated Feb. 23, 2009
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