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Waste Disposal, Kansas Soils

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Soil Classification

Although soil profile descriptions provide the most detailed information about each soil (Olson, in press), a taxonomic classification (Soil Survey Staff, 1972b) has been made for all the soils of Kansas. This classification groups the soils into families with respect to particle size and mineralogy, among other things (Soil Survey Staff, 1972b). The classification is comprehensive and includes all soils in the nomenclature (Soil Survey Staff, 1970). The soil-family classification is particularly valuable for evaluating each soil's probable suitability for waste disposal, because particle size and clay mineralogy are categorized. The particle size groups, given for each soil in Kansas in Table 1 (pages 14-21), describe the general size of mineral particles (the "average" particle size of the several horizons or the particle size when soil layers are mixed up as in excavations) in the control section down to a depth of about one meter or to the top of hard layers or bedrock. For convenience in using Table 1, each type of bedrock is described as being "hard" if it cannot be dug up or ripped out with backhoes or other common excavating equipment. If the bedrock is listed as "rippable," it can be dug out without blasting in most places. Table 1 also lists the predominant clay mineralogy of each soil in Kansas; the soils with montmorillonitic clays have special problems because of shrinking and swelling when they are subjected to wetting and drying conditions. The montmorillonitic soils have special problems for engineering uses and are generally poor for trafficability of heavy construction equipment, especially when they are wet.

Figure 12--Weight percentages of sand, silt, and clay for classification in soil families (Adapted from Soil Survey Staff, 1970).

Triangle diagram showing types of soil based on percentages of sand, silt, and clay.

Particle size categories (Soil Survey Staff, 1970) for soil families in Table 1 are graphically illustrated in Figure 12; these groupings are general and apply to average or mixed soil horizons, not specific horizons as noted in a soil profile description (Olson, in press). Verbal descriptions (Soil Survey Staff, 1970) of the categories are as follows:

Notice should be made of those soils listed as carbonatic in Table 1; carbonates of clay size are not considered to be clay in this classification, but are treated as silt. Carbonatic soils have more than 40 percent by weight of carbonates (as CaCO3) and of gypsum, and the carbonates are more than 65 percent of the sum of carbonates and gypsum (Soil Survey Staff, 1970). Siliceous soils listed in Table 1 have more than 90 percent by weight of silica minerals (quartz, chalcedony, opal), and other extremely durable minerals that are resistant to weathering. Soils listed as having mixed mineralogy in Table 1 have less than 40 percent of any one mineral other than quartz. Montmorillonitic soils, which present some of the greatest problems for waste disposal (if other soil properties are also poor), have more than half montmorillonite and nontronite by weight, or have a mixture of clays with more montmorillonite than any other single clay mineral.

On the basis of soil-profile descriptions, made from pits in all soils in each survey area, soils of Kansas are classified also by drainage classes in Table 1. The drainage classes are based on the actual soil characteristics; thus mottles and gray colors in soils not well drained are recorded even during seasons when the soils may be dry. All soils not listed as well drained in Table 1 have mottles (spots of different colors) or gray colors indicating fluctuating or permanent water tables (called apparent water table or free water in soils). Wetter soils generally have mottles at shallower depths in the profile than better-drained soils. In this classification system excessively drained soils are driest (for example, soils of sand dunes), and very poorly drained soils are wettest (for example, soils of seep spots and swamps). This classification is based only on characteristics of the soil profile, so that soils flooded each year for brief periods may be classified as well drained if water does not stand in the profile long enough to produce soil oxygen deficiencies resulting in mottles or gray colors in the soils. Flooding characteristics of well-drained Kansas soils, however, are recorded elsewhere in Table 6 of this publication. Wetness problems, from the driest soils to the wettest soil profiles, are recorded in the following sequence in Table 1:

Increasing
wetness
of Kansas
soils
Arrow pointing down. Excessively drained (driest; for example, soils on tops of sand dunes)
Somewhat excessively drained
Well drained
Moderately well drained
Somewhat poorly drained
Poorly drained
Very poorly drained (wettest; for example, some soils in bottoms of swamps)

The soil-profile record of wetness in Table 1 is particularly valuable for waste-disposal planning, because many Kansas soils are wet in the early spring and dry in the late summer and fall. In general, the following soils have apparent water tables (free water) in their profiles at less than 30-inch depths for less than one month during most years, but the water drops below six feet during the dry part of the year: these intermittently wet soils include Butler, Carwile, Chariton, Chase, Cherokee, Crete, Dennis, Detlor, Doxie, Edina, Eram, Grundy, Hepler, Kenoma, Ladysmith, Lagonda, Leanna, Lightning, Martin, Mayberry, McCune, Muldrow, Parsons, Pawnee, Summit, Taloka, Tina, Waurika, and Woodson. Obviously, when the water table is highest in these soils, septic-tank seepage fields will not function below the apparent water table, and effluents emptying into the fluctuating water table are apt to contaminate ground-water supplies. Fluctuating water-table depths are indicated for most of the soils of Kansas in the last column of Table 1.

Soil permeability is also given in Table 1 for the control section in each soil of Kansas; permeability is that quality of soil that permits it to transmit sewage effluent. The rate is referred to as "saturated hydraulic conductivity" in soil physics, and is measured in the laboratory and field on soil cores under saturated conditions with a low head on water moving downward (Soil Survey Staff, 1971). The permeability, of course, is dependent upon soil characteristics including texture, structure, organic matter, clay mineralogy, and other factors. Where data are not available, permeability classes can be estimated with acceptable precision from the soil-profile descriptions. The permeability classes of soils of Kansas are:

Very slow < 0.06 in/hr > 1,000 min/in
Slow 0.06-0.2 in/hr 1,000-300 min/in
Moderately slow 0.2-0.6 in/hr 300-100 min/in
Moderate 0.6-2.0 in/hr 100-30 min/in
Moderately rapid 2.0-6.0 in/hr 30-10 min/in
Rapid 6.0-20 in/hr 10-3 min/in
Very rapid > 20 in/hr < 3 min/in

For comparison purposes, permeability rates in inches per hour on cores in soils of Kansas (Table 1) are also compared with percolation rates in minutes for water to drop one inch in presoaked auger holes in the soils. Data collected over many years show that permeability rates measured on soil cores are not absolutely comparable with water drop in auger holes in the same soils. Permeability rates on soil cores are conducted under much more carefully controlled conditions, and are subject to much less variability than are auger hole measurements; generally, measurements on saturated soil cores are slower than measurements in auger holes. Auger holes are also affected by apparent water tables, whereas measurements on soil cores in the laboratory are not affected by seasonal soil phenomena. Most soils in which percolation rates in auger holes are measured as slower than 60 minutes per inch for subsurface sewage disposal have been classified as 11 unsuitable" in the past; actual measurements in these soils are thus seldom recorded by contractors or public health officials. Pedologists, on the other hand, must characterize permeability rates in all soils; consequently they measure and record all rates, however slow they might be. Most soils of Kansas, of course, have permeability or percolation rates slower than 60 minutes per inch, so that special considerations must be given to septic-tank seepage field designs in them.

Table 1--Particle size characteristics and water relationships of soils of Kansas (Adapted from Soil Conservation Service classification of soil series of 1972, published soil survey reports, current official soil series descriptions, and other sources).

Soil
series
name
Related to swelling of soil when wet Related to percolation and seasonal free water in soil profile
General particle
size grouping
Predominant
clay
mineralogy
Soil
drainage
class
Permeability
and
water table
ABILENE Fine Mixed Well drained Slow to very slow
ALBION Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderately rapid
ALTUS Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate, water table at 8'-15'; may be at 2-1/2'in cool wet period
ANGELUS Fine-silty Carbonatic Well drained Moderate
ANSELMO Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid
ARMO Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
ARMSTER Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained to well drained Moderately slow
ATTICA Coarse-loamy Mixed Welt drained Moderately rapid
BANKARD Sandy Mixed Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Rapid to very rapid
BARLANE Fine-loamy over sandy to sandy skeletal Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
BASEHOR Loamy over hard sandstone at 10"-20" Siliceous Well drained Moderately rapid
BATES Fine-loamy over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" Siliceous Well drained Moderate
BAXTER Clayey Mixed Well drained Moderate
BAYARD Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid
BENFIELD Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Slow
BETHANY Fine Mixed Well drained Slow
BIPPUS Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
BODINE Loamy-skeletal Siliceous Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Rapid to very rapid
BOEL Sandy Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Moderately rapid to rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
BOGUE Very fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Very slow
BOLIVAR Fine-loamy over hard sandstone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate
BOWDOIN Very-fine Montmorillonitic (calcareous) Well drained to moderately well drained Very slow
BREWER Fine Mixed Moderately well drained Slow
BRIDGEPORT Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
BROWNELL Loamy-skeletal over hard limestone at 20"-40" Carbonatic Well drained Moderate
BURCHARD Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
BUTLER Fine Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
CAMPUS Fine-loamy over rippable caliche at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate
CANADIAN Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid
CANLO,NL Loamy over hard caliche at 10"-20" Mixed (calcareous) Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderate
CANYON Loamy over rippable sandstone at 10"-20" Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderate
CAREY Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
CARLSON Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderately slow
CARR Coarse-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate to rapid, water table at 6'+ except for brief periods
CARUSO Fine-loamy Mixed Moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained Moderate to moderately slow, water table at 2'-8' seasonally,
CARWILE Fine Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
CASE Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
CASS Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid, water table at 6'-10'+ seasonally
CATOOSA Fine-silty over hard limestone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate
CAWKER Coarse-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
CHARITON Fine Montmorillonitic Poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
CHASE Fine Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
CHEROKEE Fine Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
CHURCH Fine Mixed Moderately well drained Very slow, water table at 5'-10'+ and 2'-3' in wet season
CLAIREMONT Fine-silty Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderate
CLAREMORE Loamy over hard limestone at 10"-20" Mixed Well drained Moderate
CLARESON Clayey-skeletal over hard limestone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate to slow
CLARK Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
CLEORA Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid
CLINIE Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Moderately well drained Slow to moderately slow to well drained
COLBY Fine-silty Mixed (calcareous) Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderate to moderately slow
COLLINSVILLE Loamy over hard sandstone at 10"-20" Siliceous Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderately rapid
COLY Fine-silty Mixed (calcareous) Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderate
CORBIN Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate to slow
CORINTH Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
COZAD Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
CRETE Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
CRISFIELD Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid, water table 6'+ except for brief periods
CROCKER Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate to rapid
DALE Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
DALHART Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
IDARNELL Loamy over rippable sandstone at 10"-20" Siliceous Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderately rapid
DEEPWATER Fine-silty Mixed Moderately well drained Moderate
DENNIS Fine Mixed Moderately well drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
DETLOR Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
DETROIT Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained to moderately well drained Slow, water table greater than 8' usually
DILLWYN Sandy Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Rapid, water table at 1'-5' seasonally
DOXIE Fine Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
DRUMMOND Fine Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 2'-10' seasonally
DWIGHT Fine over hard cherty limestone at 40"+ Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Very slow
DWYER Sandy Mixed Excessively drained Very rapid
EDALGO Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Very slow
EDINA Fine Montmorillonitic Poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
ELKADER Fine-silty over rippable shale at 40"+ Carbonatic Well drained Moderate
ELMONT Fine-silty over rippable shale at 40"+ Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
ELSMERE Sandy Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
ELTREE Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
ENGLUND Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate to slow
ENTERPRISE Coarse-silty Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid
ERAM Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Moderately well drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
EUDORA Coarse-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
FARNUM Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
FLORENCE Clayey-skeletal over hard cherty limestone at 40"+ Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderately slow
GARA Fine-loamy Mixed Moderately well drained to well drained Moderately slow
GEARY Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
GERLANE Coarse-loamy Mixed Moderately well drained to well drained Moderately rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
GEUDA Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Moderately well drained to well drained Very slow
GIRARD Fine over hard limestone at 20"-40" Mixed Poorly drained Slow, water table at surface during wet season
GLENBERG Coarse-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Rapid
GOESSEL Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained to well drained Very slow
GOSHEN Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
GOSPORT Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Illitic Moderately well drained Very slow
GRABLE Coarse-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal Mixed Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderate to rapid, water table at 4'+ usually
GRANT Fine-silty over rippable sandstone at 40"+ Mixed Well drained Moderate
GRIGSTON Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
GRUNDY Fine Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
GYNIER Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderately slow
HALL Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
HARNEY Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderately slow
HASTINGS Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained to well drained Moderately slow
HAYNIE Coarse-silty Mixed (calcareous) Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate
HECTOR Loamy over hard limestone at 10"-20" Siliceous Well drained Moderately rapid
HEDVILLE Loamy over hard sandstone at 10"-20" Mixed Somewhat excessively drained Moderate
HEIZER Loamy-skeletal over hard limestone at 10"-20" Carbonatic Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderate
HEPLER Fine-silty Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Moderately slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
HOBBS Fine-silty Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate
HOLDER Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate to moderately slow
IIOLDREGE Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
IIORD Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate, water table at 10'-25' seasonally
HUMBARGER Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate
INAVALE Sandy Mixed Somewhat excessively drained to excessively drained Rapid, water table at 5'-10'
IRWIN Fine over hard limestone at 40"+ Mixed Moderately well drained to well drained Very slow
IVAN Fine-silty Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate, water table 6'+ except for brief periods
JUDSON Fine-silty Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate, water table 4'+ usually
KAHOLA Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
KANZA Sandy Mixed Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained Rapid, water table 1'-3' in cool season and 5'-7' in warm season
KASKI Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
KEITH Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
KENESAW Coarse-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
KENNEBEC Fine-silty Mixed Moderately well drained Moderate, water table 3'+ usually
KENOMA Fine over hard limestone or shale at 40"+ Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
KIM Fine-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderate
KIMO Clayey over loamy Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table 2'+ usually
KINGFISHER Fine-silty over rippable redbeds at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
KINGMAN Fine-silty Mixed (calcareous) Poorly drained to very poorly drained Very slow, water table at surface to 4' seasonally
KIPSON Loamy over rippable shale at 10"-20" Mixed Somewhat excessively drained Moderate
KIRKLAND Fine Mixed Well drained Very slow
KNOX Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
KONAWA Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
LABETTE Fine over hard limestone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Slow
LADOGA Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Moderately slow
LADYSMITH Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well to somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
LAGONDA Fine Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
LAMO Fine-silty Mixed (calcareous) Somewhat poorly drained Moderately slow, water table 2'-5' seasonally
LANCASTER Fine-loamy over rippable shale, sandstone, and ironstone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate
LAS Fine-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
LAS ANIMAS Coarse-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained Rapid, water table at 3'-4' seasonally
LEANNA Fine Mixed Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
LESHARA Fine-silty Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Moderate, water table at 3'-6' seasonally
LESHO Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Moderately slow, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
LIGHTNING Fine Mixed Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
LIKES Sandy Mixed Excessively drained Moderately rapid
LINCOLN Sandy Mixed Somewhat excessively drained Rapid, water table 5'-8' seasonally
LISMAS Clayey over rippable shale at 5"-20" Montmorillonitic (calcareous) Well drained Slow to very slow
LOCKHARD Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderate to moderately slow
LOFTON Fine Mixed Moderately well drained Very slow
LONGFORD Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderately slow
LUBBOCK Fine Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
LUCIEN Loamy over rippable sandstone at 10"-20" Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Moderately rapid
LULA Fine-silty over hard limestone at 40"+ Mixed Well drained Moderate
MANDEVILLE Fine-loamy over rippable shale at 20"-60" Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate
MANGUM Fine Mixed (calcareous) Well drained to moderately well drained Very slow, water table at 5'+ seasonally
MANSIC Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
MANSKER Fine-loamy Carbonatic Well drained Moderate
MANTER Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Rapid
NIANVEL Fine-silty Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderate to slow
MARSHALL Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
MARTIN Fine over rippable shale at 40"+ Mixed Moderately well drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
MASON Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
MATFIELD Clayey-skeletal over hard cherty limestone at 60"+ Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderately rapid to very slow
MAYBERRY Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
McCUNE Fine-silty Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
McLAIN Fine Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Slow
MENFRO Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
MENTO Fine over rippable chalk at 40"+ Montmorillonitic Well drained Slow
MILAN Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
MILLER Fine Mixed Moderately well drained Very slow
MINCO Coarse-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
MINNEQUA Fine-silty over rippable limestone and shale at 20"-40" Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderate
MISSLER Fine Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
MONONA Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
MORRILL Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
MUIR Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
MULDROW Fine Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
MUNJOR Coarse-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderately rapid, water table 6'+ except for brief periods
NARON Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate to moderately rapid
NASH Coarse-silty over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate
NASHVILLE Fine-silty over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate
NESS Fine Montmorillonitic Poorly drained (ponded) Very slow, water table at surface seasonally
NEW CANIBRIA Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Slow
NEWTONIA Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
NIBSON Loamy over rippable shale at 10"-20" Carbonatic Somewhat excessively drained Moderate
NIOTAZE Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained Slow
NODAWAY Fine-silty Mixed (nonacid) Moderately well drained Moderate
NORGE Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
NORWOOD Fine-silty Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderate
NUCKOLLS Fine-silty Mixed Well drained to excessively drained Moderate
OAKWOOD Fine-silty Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Moderately slow to slow, water table within 3' in wet season of most years
OKEMAH Fine Mixed moderately well drained Slow
OLMITZ Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate to moderately slow
OLPE Clayey-skeletal Montmorillonitic Well drained Slow to very slow
ONANVA Clayey over loamy Montmorillonitic (calcareous) Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained Slow to moderately rapid, water table at 2'-4' seasonally
ORD Coarse-loamy Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Moderately rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
ORTELLO Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid
OSAGE Fine Montmorillonitic Poorly drained Very slow, water table at or near surface seasonally
OSKA Fine over hard limestone at 20"-40" Montmorillonitic Well drained Slow
OST Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
OTERO Coarse-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Rapid
OWEGO Fine Montmorillonitic (calcareous) Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at or near surface seasonally
OWENS Clayey over rippable shale at 10"-20" Mixed Well drained Very slow
PARSONS Fine Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
PAWNEE Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained to moderately well drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
PENDEN Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate to moderately slow
PENROSE Loamy over hard limestone at 10"-20" Mixed (calcareous) Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderate to slow
PLATTE Sandy Mixed Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained Moderate to very rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
PLEASANT Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained to moderately well drained Slow to very slow
PLEVNA Coarse-loamy Mixed Poorly drained Moderately rapid, water table at 1'-4' seasonally
POND CREEK Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
PORT Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
POTTER Loamy over rippable caliche at 10"-20" Carbonatic Well drained Moderate
PRATT Sandy Mixed Well drained Rapid
PROMISE Very-fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Slow and very slow
QUINLAN Loamy over sandstone at 10"-20" Mixed Well drained Moderately rapid
RADLEY Fine-silty Mixed Moderately Slow drained Moderate, water table 5'+ seasonally
RANDALL Fine Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained (ponded) Very slow, water table at surface seasonally
READING Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderately slow
REINACH Coarse-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
RENFROW Fine Mixed Well drained Very slow
RICHFIELD Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderately slow
RINGO Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Very slow
RIVERTON Loamy-skeletal Mixed Well drained Moderate
ROSEHILL Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Montmorillonitic Well drained Very slow
ROXBURY Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate, water table at 6'+ except for brief periods
RUELLA Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
RYUS Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Slow
SARPY Sandy Mixed Excessively drained Very rapid
SATANTA Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
SHARPSBURG Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Moderately slow
SHELBY Fine-loamy Mixed Moderately well drained Moderately slow
SHELLABARGER Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
SIBLEYVILLE Fine-loamy over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate
SMOLAN Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained to well drained Slow
SOGN Loamy over hard limestone at 10"-20" Mixed Somewhat excessively drained Moderate
SOLOMON Fine Montmorillonitic (calcareous) Poorly drained Very slow, water table above 4' in spring
SPEARVILLE Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained to moderately well drained Slow
STEEDMAN Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Montmorillonitic Well drained to moderately well drained Slow
STEINAUER Fine-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderate
STEPHENVILLE Fine-loamy over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" Siliceous Well drained Moderate
SUMMIT Fine over rippable shale at 40"+ Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
SUTPHEN Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained Very slow
SWEETWATER Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy skeletal Mixed (calcareous) Poorly drained Moderately slow, water table at 1'-3' seasonally
TABLER Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Very slow
TALIHINA Clayey over rippable shale at 10"-20" Mixed Well drained Slow
TALOKA Fine Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
THURMAN Sandy Mixed Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Rapid
TIMKEN Clayey over rippable shale at 10"-20" Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained Very slow
TINA Fine Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
TIPTON Fine-loamy Mixed Well drained Moderate
TIVOLI Sandy Mixed Excessively drained Rapid
TOBIN Fine-silty Mixed Well drained to moderately well drained Moderate, water table 6'+ except for brief periods
TRAVESSILLA Loamy over hard sandstone at 10"-20" Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderate to moderately rapid
TULLY Fine Mixed Well drained Slow
ULY Fine-silty Mixed Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Moderate
ULYSSES Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
VALENTINE Sandy Mixed Excessively drained Rapid
VANOSS Fine-silty Mixed Well drained Moderate
VERDIGRIS Fine-silty Mixed Moderately well drained Moderate
VERNON Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Very slow
VINLAND Loamy over rippable shale at 10"-20" Mixed Somewhat excessively drained Moderate
VONA Coarse-loamy Mixed Well drained to somewhat excessively drained Rapid
WABASII Fine Montmorillonitic Very poorly drained Very slow, water table at or near surface seasonally
WAKEEN Fine-silty over rippable shale or limestone at 20"-40" Carbonatic Well drained Moderate
WALDECK Coarse-loamy Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Moderately rapid, water table at 2'-8' seasonally
WANN Coarse-loamy Mixed Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained Moderately rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
WAURIKA Fine Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
WELDA Fine Montmorillonitic Well drained Moderately slow
WINDTHORST Fine over rippable sandstone at 40"+ Mixed Moderately well drained Moderately slow
WOODSON Fine Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally
WOODWARD Coarse-silty over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" Mixed Well drained Moderate
WYNIORE Fine Montmorillonitic Moderately well drained to well drained Slow
YAHOLA Coarse-loamy Mixed (calcareous) Well drained Moderately rapid
ZAAR Fine over rippable shale at 40"+ Montmorillonitic Somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained Very slow
ZAVALA Coarse-loamy Mixed (nonacid) Well drained Moderately rapid
ZENDA Fine-loamy Mixed Somewhat poorly drained Moderate, water table at 2'-6' seasonally
ZOOK Fine Montmorillonitic Poorly drained Slow to very slow, water table at 1'-3' seasonally

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Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Placed on web Aug. 7, 2009; originally published March 1974.
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