KGS--Red Eagle Cyclothem--Sections

Appendix

Descriptions of Sampled Red Eagle Cyclothem Sections

Sample			Thickness, feet
Bennet Section.--NE sec. 11, T. 8 N., R. 8 E. In south cut bank of Little Nemaha River, 1/2 mile southeast of Bennet, Lancaster County, Nebraska (Fig. 7).
Soil
Roca Shale
		1. Limestone, light yellowish to brownish gray, argillaceous, traces of random clear calcite flecks	1.0
		2. Mudstone, light gray and greenish gray with yellowish mottling, silty, calcareous, moderately laminated	2.0
		3. Mudstone, brick red, calcareous, moderately laminated	1.0
		4. Shale, light gray with pale-maroon tint, moderately to well laminated, slightly calcareous, compact	1.0
		5. Shale, light gray, slightly calcareous, compact, well to moderately laminated, traces of small tan calcareous shell? fragments	1.0
		6. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic, hard, traces of medium to fine clear calcite crystals in veinlets or in random blebs, very rare ostracodes	1.7
		7. Shale, light gray, silty, slightly calcareous, moderately to well laminated, rare ostracodes	1.7
		8. Shale, light gray with greenish tint, calcareous, well laminated, traces of buff frail gastropod? fragments	1.0
Thickness Roca Shale exposed			9.6
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		9. Limestone, light to medium brownish-gray, aphanitic, rare large vugs, some pinpoint porosity in lower 1.0 foot, thick bedded	3.0
	Bennett Shale Member
		10. Shale, medium to light gray, traces of yellowish mottling, moderately to slightly calcareous, compact, moderately to well laminated	1.0
		11. Mudstone, light yellowish rusty gray, calcareous, poorly to moderately laminated, compact	1.0
		12. Mudstone, buff, probably weathered from medium to light gray, calcareous, moderately to poorly laminated, trace of pale-rusty yellowish mottling	1.0
		13. Limestone, light brownish gray, muddy, resistant, hard, traces of flecks of dark-brown (possible bituminous or plant) material	1.0
		14. Mudstone, argillaceous calcilutite, aphanitic, similar to above, trace of dark-brown flecks in light-yellowish-gray mottled matrix, microgranular, trace of fish teeth and small shell fragments	0.5
		15. Shale, medium to dark gray, compact, well laminated, slightly calcareous, traces of frail shell fragments and black threadlike plant remains	1.5
		16. Mudstone, light gray, calcareous, some rusty-yellow mottling, compact, poorly laminated	1.0
		17. Shale, dark gray, well laminated, complete Orbiculoidea with fragments	1.0
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			8.0
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		18. Limestone, light brown to grayish green, aphanitic matrix for common fusulinids, hard, massive, trace of brachiopod fragments, rare flecks of brown bituminous material, upper 0.2 feet has patches of muddy gray material suggestive of Bennett shale; lower 0.5-foot free of fusulinids but contains common brachiopods, foraminifers, and ostracodes	1.0
		19. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray, aphanitic to microgranular faint undulatory (algae?) laminations, undulatory base and top, very hard	0.5
Thickness Glenrock Llmestone Member			1.5
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			12.5
Johnson Shale
		20. Shale, medium gray, some light greenish gray, well laminated	2.0
		21. Shale, light greenish gray, calcareous	1.0
		22. Claystone, light gray to bluish gray, slightly calcareous, poorly to moderately laminated	1.0
		23. Shale, light bluish gray, calcareous, moderately laminated	1.0
		24. Mudstone, light gray, calcareous, poorly to moderately laminated	2.0
		25. Shale, light gray to olive green in places, calcareous, soft, well laminated	0.8
		26. Mudstone, brick red, calcareous	0.5
		27. Shale, light greenish gray, calcareous, moderately laminated; 0.1-foot brick-red shale 0.5 foot above base	1.7
		28. Siltstone, light gray, very finely and evenly laminated, resistant, platy debris, slightly calcareous, grades downward to similar silty shale in lower 0.5 foot and to shale as below	1.0
		29. Shale, light gray to brownish gray, moderately to very well laminated as above, slightly calcareous, traces of foraminifers, snails, and fish teeth	1.0
		30. Limestone, shaly, medium gray, weathers light yellowish gray to light brownish gray, moderately to well laminated, slightly calcareous, slightly silty along laminae; 0.3 foot lens of aphanitic argillaceous medium-gray limestone 1.0 foot from base	2.5
		31. Shale, light brownish gray, similar to above, slightly silty	1.1
Thickness Johnson Shale			15.6
Foraker Limestone
	Long Creek Limestone Member
		32. Limestone, argillaceous to coquinoid, medium to light gray; exposed	2.0

Figure 7.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Bennet section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Johnson Section.--NW NE sec. 6, T. 5 N., R. 13 E. in west bank of creek, 1 1/4 miles north of Johnson, Nemaha County, Nebraska (Fig. 8).
Soil
Red Eagle Limestone
	Bennett Shale Member
		1. Shale, dark gray, weathers buff, well laminated, fish teeth, Orbiculoidea; exposed	2.0
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		2. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic matrix for abundant fusulinds, oatmealy, subcoquinoid-calcarenitic texture	1.0
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone exposed			3.0
Johnson Shale
		3. Shale, light buff, weathered from medium gray, calcareous, slightly silty, moderately laminated, trace mica? and minute brown flecks of phosphatic material, possibly vague ripple marks, fairly hard	0.5
		4. Shale, similar to above, trace of brown phosphatic tooth remain, common plain ostracodes along coarser textured laminae or very thin beds	0.5
		5. Shale, similar to above	0.5
		6. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray with some pale-rusty-yellow stain, slightly resistant, argillaceous, aphanitic matrix for ostracodes, possible linear algae	0.5
		7. Mudstone, light greenish gray, calcareous, silty, blocky debris, more resistant than below	1.0
		8. Mudstone, light olive green to gray calcareous, similar to above, traces of possible plant remains, not laminated	1.0
		9. Mudstone, light greenish gray, moderately laminated, calcareous, rare very fine grains of tan CaCO₃, less resistant than 7 and 8	1.0
		10. Shale, laminated, medium greenish gray, clayey laminae alternate with off-white, marly laminae; all laminae are lenticular on a very minute scale, calcareous, and more resistant than beds above and below	0.3
		11. Shale, light olive green to gray, moderately laminated, compact	0.7
		12. Shale, light yellowish green to gray, calcareous, moderately to poorly laminated; some mudstone	0.3
		13. Mudstone, light greenish gray with yellowish cast, calcareous, fairly resistant	1.0
		14. Mudstone, similar to above but lighter greenish gray, calcareous	1.0
		15. Mudstone, medium to light olive green, not calcareous, fairly resistant, compact, olive tint modified by limonite	1.0
		16. Shale, light greenish gray, calcareous, (similar to 14), poor wavy laminae, varies to mudstone	1.0
		17. Mudstone, medium olive green, somewhat calcareous, random rusty flecks	0.8
		18. Limestone, light brownish gray, very argillaceous, laminated, varies to limy shale, some laminae are pure tan CaCO₃	0.1
		19. Mudstone, medium gray, calcareous, some rare vague laminae, blocky debris	1.0
		20. Mudstone, medium greenish gray, very calcareous, nodular weathering	1.0
		21. Mudstone, light greenish gray with pale yellowish tint, calcareous, nodular, soft to hard where nodular	1.0
		22. Mudstone, light greenish gray, somewhat chalky	1.0
		23. Mudstone, similar to above, varies to very light greenish buff	1.0
		24. Mudstone and shale, variegated, very light green, pink, and buff, calcareous	0.8
Thickness Johnson Shale			17.0

Figure 8.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Johnson section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Pawnee Section.--C NW NW sec. 11, T. 1 N., R. 10 E. In south bank of West Branch Creek, 100 yards from small bridge, Pawnee County, Nebraska (Fig. 9).
Roca Shale
		1. Shale, medium to light gray, and greenish gray, slightly silty, rare rusty mottling, poorly laminated, varies to mudstone	1.5
		2. Shale, light greenish gray, slightly silty, varies to mudstone, random crude light-gray argillaceous limestone boxwork	1.5
		3. Limestone, light greenish gray, argillaceous, grades to shale above, top undulatory (2 inches relief)	1.5
		4. Siltstone, light greenish gray, argillaceous	0.5
		5. Siltstone, brick red, argillaceous, varies to mudstone, slightly calcareous, small blocky debris	1.5
		6. Shale, light gray to light greenish gray, calcareous, poorly laminated, varies to calcareous mudstone, trace of fossils, sinistrally coiled high-spired smooth-shelled gastropod fragments	0.2
		7. Limestone, light gray, to very light brownish gray, argillaceous, laminated, flaky	0.2
		8-9. Limestone, light brownish gray, with horizontal small discontinuous medium- to light-gray, streaks, vugs rare, trace of MnO₂ dendrites, sublithographic to microcrystalline, hard, even textured, massive, thick to medium bedded, bedding planes undulatory (3 inches) to even, traces of crack fillings at base recorded on overturned slumped block, weathers light gray to buff	2.0
		10. Shale, very light greenish gray, finely silty, clayey, varies to calcareous mudstone, slightly calcareous	0.05
		11. Shale, very light greenish gray, finely silty, calcareous, well to poorly laminated, varies to calcareous mudstone, somewhat blocky, more resistant than below	0.55
		12. Mudstone, very light greenish gray, soft, calcareous, trace of mica?	1.9
		13. Shale, brownish gray, silty, well laminated, trace of mica along laminae, not calcareous, compact, gray to rusty along some laminae	1.5
		14. Claystone, light greenish gray, calcareous, compact, uncommon vague laminae, trace of very fine silt, varies to mudstone	1.0
		15. Claystone, very light greenish gray, calcareous, compact, poor uncommon laminae, similar in general appearance to above	1.0
		Covered	3.1
Thickness Roca Shale			18.0
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		16. Limestone, light gray and greenish gray, microcrystalline, hard, slightly argillaceous, varies at random to clayey compact clay-filled vugs and pits, very irregular boundary, fairly resistant	1.0
		17. Limestone, light rusty gray to buff, very calcilutaceous to very finely silty, badly decayed, soft, little resistance to erosion, vaguely laminated in places	4.0
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			5.0
	Bennett Shale Member
		18. Siltstone, very light gray to buff or yellowish gray, slightly to moderately calcareous, very fine to fine, grades into above	1.0
		19. Shale, medium to light brownish gray, calcareous, moderate to good fissility, contains many calcareous fossil fragments (brachiopods, Orbiculoidea, productid spines) oriented roughly parallel to fissility, trace of interstitial dark-gray MnO₂, transitional between 18 and 20	0.1
		20. Shale, very dark gray, moderately laminated, varies to mudstone, very slightly calcareous, varies to noncalcareous, trace of Orbiculoidea, compact	0.5
		21. Shale, similar to 19, many brachiopod fragments, Crurithyris, productid spines	0.5
		22. Shale, medium to dark gray and brownish gray, moderately laminated, slightly calcareous, compact, weathers to medium brownish gray	0.5
		23. Shale, similar to above, moderately to well laminated, silt-size fragments of dark-brown corneous fossil remains (Orbiculoidea or fish fragments?), compact	0.5
		24. Shale, very dark gray, compact, noncalcareous to very slightly calcareous, well laminated to moderately laminated	1.0
		25. Shale, medium gray, calcareous, well laminated, large calcareous brachiopod fragments parallel to laminae, traces of dark-brown corneous fossil fragments	0.5
		26. Shale, medium to dark gray, calcareous, emits fetid odor when attacked by HCl, well laminated, rare traces of brachiopod fragments (Crurithyris)	0.5
		27. Shale, medium to dark gray, calcareous, similar to above but lacking visible fossils, well laminated, moderately fissile, compact, Orbiculoidea and Lingula fragments occur in the basal 1/4 inch	0.5
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			5.6
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		28. Limestone, medium to light gray and brownish gray, very finely granular to very finely crystalline matrix, very fossiliferous, common fusulinids especially in upper 0.6 foot, brachiopod fragments and lesser foraminifers, hard, compact, trace of pyrite in fusulinids, a single massive bed, locally top 0.2 foot penetrated by tubes of dark-gray calcareous mud from Bennett Shale above, upper 0.1 foot undulatory with abrupt gradation upward to dark-gray calcareous tubes (containing fusulinids and Orbiculoidea fragments) in random pattern suggesting worm trails, random lumps and small accumulations of fusulinid-bearing lime mash material associated with the dark mud, rare larger brachiopods (Linoproductus?), smaller tubes of medium-gray silty material in dark mud suggest small worm activity, lower 0.3 foot contains identified foraminifers Tolypammina, Ammovertella, and Tetrataxis; nearby outcrops have only shallow penetrating tubes but transition to Bennett mud is abrupt	0.7 to 1.0
		29. Limestone, medium to light gray and brownish gray, abundant brachiopod fragments and common lesser foraminifers in very fine crystalline matrix, brachiopods coated with algal? CaCO₃, rough random orientation of shells parallel to bedding, base roughly parallels bedding planes, varies to silty limestone and calcareous siltstone with small brachiopod and foraminifer fragments; a local feature occurring in lenticular masses up to 2 inches thick which seem to have grown as small lumps on the Johnson and over which the Glenrock was deposited, thus contributing to the undulatory base of the Glenrock	0 to 0.2
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone approximately			11.5
Johnson Shale
		30. Shale, medium gray, very finely silty, calcareous, faint trace of glossy carbonaceous plant remains, moderately to poorly laminated, varies to mudstone, crudely defined clay-filled tubes suggest worm burrows, trace of mudstone pebble breccia, trace of ostracodes	0.4
		31. Mudstone, medium gray with flecks of lighter gray varies to clay granule conglomerate, calcareous flattish claystone granules roughly parallel to bedding planes, finely silty, calcareous, rare traces of pyrite, rare traces of carbonaceous remains, compact	0.5 to 0.7
		32. Siltstone and mudstone, medium to light gray, some microbrecclation, moderately to well laminated, compact; paper-thin laminae are light gray, calcareous, massive; lower 1.0 foot is well laminated and weathers to tough brittle plates and slabs up to 1 inch thick (platestone)	3.5
		33. Siltstone, light greenish gray, even textured, weathers to irregular lumps of crude blocky shape, slightly calcareous	1.0
		34. Mudstone, medium gray, trace of dark-gray flecks, even textured, weathers somewhat blocky in upper part, lower 0.5 foot poorly laminated, calcareous	1.0
		35. Limestone, light gray, microgranular to aphanitic, somewhat argillaceous, massive, uniform, varies to somewhat nodular	1.0
		36. Shale, medium to light greenish gray faint trace of very fine sand, calcareous, poorly laminated or crudely bedded in places, but usually even textured, weathers to crude blocky debris	0.5
		37. Siltstone, light greenish gray, argillaceous, faint trace of very fine sand, calcareous, crudely laminated	3.0
		38. Siltstone, as above but varies to light greenish buff, weathers light brownish gray	2.0
		39. Siltstone, as above but softer and lacks laminae, calcareous	2.0
Thickness Johnson Shale approximately			15.0

Figure 9.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Pawnee section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Humboldt Section.--SE SE sec. 16, T. 1 N., R. 13 E. West side of road cut in crest of small hill in Richardson County, Nebraska (Fig. 10).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Bennett Shale Member
		1. Shale, dark to medium brownish gray, calcareous, well laminated, emits fetid odor when attacked by HCl	0.5
		2. Shale, medium brownish gray calcareous, well laminated, trace of Orbiculoidea fragments, compact, similar to above	0.5
		3. Shale, dark to medium gray and brownish gray, traces of yellowish to buff weathering, compact, contains thin Orbiculoidea coquina layer (shell fragments are flattened and crushed along the laminae) but otherwise free of fossils	0.8
		4. Shale, medium to dark brownish gray, calcareous, well laminated, contains Lingula and Orbiculoidea well preserved and slightly flattened	0.7
Thickness Bennett Shale Member exposed			2.5
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		5. Limestone, medium grayish brown, hard, aphanitic matrix for abundant fusulinids and brachiopod fragments, trace of yellow iron stain, rusty-brown weathering, single massive bed, ledge-former, undulatory base (relief 0.1)	0.9
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone exposed			3.4
Johnson Shale
		6. Shale, light yellowish brown, calcareous, well laminated, compact	0.5
		7. Limestone, boxwork, light yellowish brown, very clayey, randomly pitted	1.0
		8. Limestone, very light gray to brownish yellowish gray, very argillaceous and silty, poorly laminated in upper 0.5 foot grading downward to massive, even textured, hard, resistant	1.0
		9. Shale, very light gray, very calcareous, silty, moderately to well laminated, grades downward to more resistant moderately to poorly laminated mudstone and shale	2.0
		10. Mudstone, very light greenish gray with slight yellowish-brown tint, silty, calcareous, moderately to poorly laminated, fairly massive, soft	3.5
		11. Shale, light greenish gray, silty, calcareous, well laminated	0.5
		12. Limestone, very light greenish gray, poorly laminated, very muddy	0.5
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			9.0

Figure 10.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Humboldt section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Frankfort Section.--NE NW sec. 21, T. 4 S., R. 9 E. In west side of Kansas Highway 99 road cut south of railroad, 1/4 mile south of Frankfort, Marshall County, Kansas (Fig. 11).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		1. Limestone, medium to light brown and brownish gray, fine to microcrystalline where intact, badly decayed and pitted, much recrystallized with traces of opaline silica; lower 0.2 foot is a light-yellowish-gray, porous, soft, clayey, microcrystalline limestone with much leached-oolite type of porosity; ghosts of fossils (foraminifers, high-spired gastropods)	1.3
	Bennett Shale Member
		Covered	1.5
		2. Shale, medium to dark gray, weathers to light brownish gray, well laminated, traces of Orbiculoidea fragments, rare trace of carbonaceous remains	2.0
		3. Shale, medium to light brownish gray with yellowish clayey mottling, poorly to well laminated, common Orbiculoidea fragments, calcareous, soft
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			3.7
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		4. Limestone, medium to light gray and brownish gray, some limonitic yellow stain, hard, microgranular matrix for abundant fusulinids and rare brachiopods in upper 0.5 foot, rare larger brachiopods (Composita?), middle 0.5 foot has few fusulinids but contains common brachiopod fragments in aphanitic to microgranular light- to very light-brown matrix, lower 0.7 foot similarly rich in smaller brachiopod fragments but matrix is light brown and aphanitic, several kinds of foraminifers, tiny snails and ostracodes, trace of limonite	1.8
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			6.8
Johnson Shale
		5. Shale, clayey, medium brown, moderately laminated, calcareous, traces of (plant?) carbonaceous remains, compact	0.5
		6. Limestone, very light gray to brownish gray, argillaceous, varies to very calcareous mudstone, moderately laminated	1.0
		7. Shale, similar to above, calcareous, occasional CaCO₃ seams or stringers, well laminated	1.4
		8. Shale, medium brownish gray, silty, calcareous, mostly weathers to buff, well laminated, tough and brittle, ostracodes and small brachiopod fragments common, fossils oriented parallel to laminae	0.6
		9. Limestone, medium to light gray, very finely silty, microgranular to microcrystalline, well laminated, platy and flaggy debris, platestone, weathers to light brownish gray	1.0
		10. Shale, light yellowish gray, calcareous, moderately laminated, silty, debris somewhat blocky	1.0
		11. Shale, light to medium greenish gray with rusty mottling, some shale pebble breccia with rusty-weathering granules in shale matrix, compact, calcareous	1.1
		12. Shale, light greenish gray with some rusty-yellow clay mottling, well to poorly laminated, varies to mudstone, calcareous	0.9
		13. Mudstone, medium to light greenish gray, vaguely laminated, blocky irregular debris	0.5
		14. Shale, varies to mudstone, very light gray to greenish gray, rare trace of very fine sand grains at random, calcareous, poorly laminated	2.0
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			10.0

Figure 11.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Frankfort section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Manhattan Section.--NE sec. 7, T. 10 S., R. 8 E. In west bank of road cut on Kansas Highway 13 near northeastern outskirts of Manhattan along northeast side of Bluemont Hill, Manhattan, Riley County, Kansas (Fig. 12).
Roca Shale
		1. Shale, light greenish gray, varies to mudstone, slightly calcareous, trace of calcareous mudstone stringers	1.7
		2. Shale and mudstone, light greenish gray to olive green, noncalcareous	1.5
		3. Limestone, very light brownish gray, marly, argillaceous	0.5
		4. Shale, light greenish gray	1.5
		5. Shale and mudstone, maroon with greenish-gray mottling, slightly calcareous, compact	1.5
		6. Mudstone, very light brownish gray, marly, trace of calcite crystals, soft to compact and resistant, trace of pale-greenish tint, slightly nodular	1.0
		7. Shale, light greenish gray varying to maroon tint, noncalcareous	1.5
		8. Shale, brick red with buff lime nodules, varies to poorly laminated mudstone, slightly calcareous	1.2
		9. Shale, similar to above but lacking lime nodules	0.9
		10. Mudstone, light greenish gray, compact blocky debris, minute traces of calcareous shell fragments (Crurithyris), moderately laminated	0.6
		11. Limestone, light brownish gray, microgranular with fine- to medium-crystalline clear calcite blebs and stringers of pale-green calcareous mudstone, nodular	0.9
		12. Shale, light greenish gray, calcareous, well laminated, minute nodular blebs of amorphous calcareous material	1.2
		13. Shale, medium maroon to grayish maroon in lower 1.0 foot, silty, noncalcareous where compact, extremely well laminated especially in upper 1.0 foot, calcareous where color is redder and shale is softer	2.0
		14. Shale and mudstone, light gray, noncalcareous, extremely well laminated within thicker more blocky units, trace of micro-cross laminations, laminae are silty	1.0
		15. Mudstone, light greenish gray to grayish olive green, calcareous, chalky	0.5
		16. Mudstone, light gray, calcareous, vaguely laminated, chalky to silty	1.0
Thickness Roca Shale			18.5
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		17. Limestone, light yellowish brown, clayey, somewhat vuggy, massive, thick bedded, some rusty iron stain
		18. Limestone, similar to above, grayish tint	1.5
		19. Limestone, light brownish gray with yellowish tint, very similar to above, base grades through 0.2 foot to underlying shale	0.6
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			3.6
	Bennett Shale Member
		20. Shale, light gray and brownish gray with yellow and rusty mottling, moderately to well laminated, calcareous, very fossiliferous (brachiopods and spines, fish teeth?), possibly weathered from medium gray color	1.0
		21. Shale, light greenish brown with rusty and gray yellowish, tints, very fossiliferous (brachiopod fragments, Derbyia?), calcareous, well laminated, trace of fenestellate bryozoans	1.0
		22. Shale, medium to light gray (probably weathered from dark gray), possible Lingula? molds, calcareous, moderately laminated, slightly silty, compact, somewhat wafery	1.0
		23. Shale, medium to dark gray, moderately laminated, brachiopod fragments (Composita?), calcareous	1.2
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			4.2
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		24-25. Limestone, medium to light gray and brownish gray, granule breccia, fragments of aphanitic limestone in microcrystalline and calcarenitic matrix containing trace of foraminifers and brachiopod fragments, similar to Paxico section but slightly more conglomeratic near base	1.3
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			9.1
Johnson Shale
		26. Shale, medium to light gray, weathers to light brownish gray, well laminated, calcareous, some laminae are dark gray	0.9
		27. Shale, medium to slaty gray, weathers to light gray, well laminated, frail ostracodes along some laminae, calcareous	1.0
		28. Shale, light brownish gray, probably weathered from medium gray, common ostracodes especially along some laminae, trace of mud-crack fillings and possibly subtle ripple marks, slightly resistant	1.0
		29. Shale, medium slaty gray, weathers buff, well laminated, compact, wafery, minute frail ostracodes along laminae appear as white flecks, slightly calcareous	1.5
		30. Limestone, medium to light gray, weathers buff, aphanitic, moderately to well laminated, platestone, compact, muddy	0.7
		31. Limestone, similar to above but laminated within thicker more flaggy units, muddy	0.8
		32. Marl, very light grayish brown, probably weathered from darker gray, moderately laminated, very argillaceous	0.9
		33. Mudstone, light to very light brownish gray, well to moderately laminated, slightly wavy laminae, top has a light-rusty-brown to gray-brown irregular argillaceous limestone 0.1 foot thick	1.5
		34. Limestone, light brownish gray, grades to shale above and below, aphanitic with traces of microcrystalline to medium crystals of clear calcite, hard	1.0
		35. Shale, light gray, calcareous, compact	0.7
		36. Shale, very light gray with some greenish tint, chalky, laminated	0.2
		37. Shale and mudstone, medium gray in upper 0.5 foot grading to light gray in lower 1.0 foot, calcareous, moderately laminated	1.5
		38. Shale, light grayish green, compact, noncalcareous, moderately laminated	0.5
		39. Shale, similar to above, slightly calcareous	1.6
		40. Limestone, light greenish gray, wavy laminae, argillaceous, varies to calcareous mudstone	1.2
		41. Shale, medium to light gray with slight greenish tint, moderately laminated, calcareous	1.2
		42. Shale, light grayish green, varies to light greenish gray and gray, clayey at top, muddy downward, minute grains of tan calcareous material in upper 0.4 foot	1.0
		43. Shale, medium to light gray, muddy, slightly calcareous	0.6
Thickness Johnson Shale			17.8

Figure 12.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Manhattan section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Paxico Section.--SW sec. 30, T. 11 S., R. 12 E. North side of abandoned U.S. Highway 40 road cut, in crest of hill, Wabaunsee County, Kansas (Fig. 13).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		1. Limestone, light gray and brownish gray, pitted, decayed and vuggy, random blebs of secondary opaline silica, vugs contain yellowish clay, mainly medium to finely crystalline pure to argillaceous matrix, hard	0.3
		2. Limestone, light brownish gray, clayey, soft, very badly decayed, vague ghosts of pseudo-oolites and possibly ostracodes and foraminifers	0.7
		3. Limestone, similar to above but slightly harder and with clearer ghosts of pseudo-oolites, rare high-spired gastropods, pelecypod casts in argillaceous fine-grained limestone, poorly preserved brachiopods, trace of iron oxides	0.7
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			1.7
	Bennett Shale Member
		4. Limestone, very light gray to brownish gray, minute flecks of yellowish clay and dark-brown shell material with possible very fine silt, compact, pitted in places, unfossiliferous	0.9
		5. Limestone, varies to calcilutite, light yellowish gray, very fine grained, argillaceous, vague trace of lirate costate brachiopods (possibly Derbyia)	0.5
		6. Limestone, similar to 3 and 4 but lacking flecks, trace of secondary chert, trace of brown cutaneous shell fragments (Orbiculoidea?)	1.0
		7. Limestone, light brownish gray, muddy, vague lirate brachiopod molds, very slightly calcareous, occasional small vugs and yellowish clay possibly finely silty	2.0
		8. Limestone, argillaceous to finely silty microcrystalline, compact, rare trace of brown Orbiculoidea fragments, trace milky chert	1.5
		9. Shale, very dark gray, weathers buff, well laminated, trace of Orbiculoidea fragments	2.0
		10. Shale, buff, weathered from dark gray, well laminated, Orbiculoidea fragments common, 1/4-inch Orbiculoidea coquina along some laminae, trace of Lingula, fragments randomly oriented but somewhat compressed parallel to bedding plane	0.5
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			8.4
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		11. Limestone, medium brownish gray to brown with some yellowish-rusty iron stain, weathered light brownish gray at top, fusulinids sparse in upper 0.5 foot, trace of brachiopod fragments and spines, Crurithyris at top, hard, ghosts of fossils (vague foraminifers?); lower 0.5 foot is granule breccia of light-brownish-gray aphanitic limestone fragments and fossil remains (e.g., brachiopods, fusulinids, ostracodes, brachiopod spines, bryozoans, tiny spired gastropods) in light-creamy-gray aphanitic matrix, fossils oriented vaguely parallel to bedding plane	2.0
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			12.1
Johnson Shale
		12. Shale, dark to medium gray, weathered to mottling of light gray buff, well laminated, somewhat flakey, clayey, slightly calcareous	0.9
		13. Shale, dark to medium gray, weathered to mottling of light gray, similar to above, slightly calcareous	1.0
		14. Shale, dark to medium gray, weathered to light brownish gray, well laminated, flaky, rare trace of carbonaceous remains, trace of delicate ostracode fragments along laminae, slightly calcareous	1.0
		15. Mudstone, very light brownish gray calcareous, argillaceous, varies to calcareous poorly laminated mudstone and shale	1.2
		16. Shale, medium gray, weathered to light yellowish gray, calcareous, laminated varying to poorly laminated mudstone	1.0
		17. Mudstone, medium to light brownish gray, calcareous, poorly to moderately laminated with some shale as in above	1.2
		18. Siltstone, medium to light brown and grayish brown, argillaceous, calcareous, well laminated; varies to very finely silty shale, calcareous, well laminated, brittle waferlike debris	1.1
		19. Siltstone (or calcisiltite), medium to light brownish gray, hard, well laminated, calcareous, weathered to platy debris, platestone	2.1
		20. Mudstone, very light greenish gray, calcareous	1.5
		Covered	14.0
Thickness Johnson Shale			25.0

Figure 13.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Paxico section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Alma Section.--SW NE sec. 11, T. 12 S., R. 10 E. In east bank of Mill Creek, north of bridge, Wabaunsee County, Kansas.
Grenola Limestone
	Sallyards Limestone Member
		1. Limestone, very light gray, silty to chalky, porous, spongy, grades upward to calcareous wavy-bedded shale, irregular rubbly weathering, Pseudomonotis	1.5
Roca Shale
		2. Shale, light greenish gray, slightly silty, varies to mudstone, moderately to poorly laminated, calcareous, compact, arenaceous foraminifers	0.9
		3. Shale similar to above	0.9
		4. Shale, maroon, varies to mudstone, poorly to moderately laminated, very slightly calcareous	1.2
		5. Shale, medium to light gray and brownish gray, calcareous, moderately to well laminated, somewhat blocky debris	1.0
		6. Shale, similar to above	0.8
		7. Shale, similar to above, well laminated, wafery debris, random lenticular nodules of medium-gray fine-granular to microcrystalline slightly argillaceous limestone	0.6
		8. Shale, medium gray, silty, contains traces of black carbonaceous remains, calcareous, well laminated	0.8
		9. Shale, medium to light gray, finely silty, well laminated, varies in some places to poorly laminated mudstone, calcareous, ripple marks suspected	1.0
		10. Limestone (calcisiltite), light to very light gray and brownish gray, very finely silty to clayey, varies to mudstone, slightly calcareous, a few vugs, even textured	0.9
		11. Limestone, very light brownish gray, similar to above, some vague laminae within thicker beds, very finely silty to clayey, varies to mudstone	1.0
		12. Shale, light greenish gray, moderately to poorly laminated, varies to mudstone, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous	1.0
Thickness Roca Shale			10.1
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		13. Limestone, light gray to very light yellowish gray, argillaceous, pitted, weathers yellowish chalky gray	0.7
		14. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray, pseudo-oolitic (osagite), microcrystalline matrix, rare small vugs	0.5
		15. Limestone, very light gray mottled with very light yellowish-gray clayey material, flecks of brown-rusty clay throughout, microgranular to microcrystalline, trace of ghosts of oolites	0.4
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			1.6
	Bennett Shale Member
		16. Siltstone, light gray with brown flecks as above, calcisiltite varying to calcareous mudstone	1.2
		Covered	17.8
Thickness Bennett Shale Member, as much as			19.0
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone, as much as			20.6
Johnson Shale
		17. Shale, dark gray to light brown where weathered, similar to below but ostracodes are less obvious, slightly calcareous	0.5
		18. Shale, dark gray, very well laminated to very fissile, calcareous, rare to common ostracodes cf. Bairdia along laminae, very rare trace of fish teeth?, rare carbonaceous remains, some laminae are covered almost entirely by ostracodes in a fine-grained calcareous matrix	0.5
		19. Shale, very light brownish gray, calcareous, moderately to well laminated, slightly silty to argillaceous, varies to claystone, rare trace of CaCO₃ grains of silt size, ostracode? shell fragments	0.5
		20. Limestone, very light brownish gray, microgranular, even textured, trace of silt, similar to below but slightly softer and not laminated	0.5
		21. Limestone, very light brownish gray, microgranular, trace of silt, believed to be a weathered variety of below, well laminated, platy	0.5
		22. Limestone, medium gray, microcrystalline to microgranular, brittle, hard; very thin bedded to laminated, platy, or slightly argillaceous platestone	0.6
		Covered	6.9
Thickness Johnson Shale, estimated			10.0
Foraker Limestone
	Long Creek Limestone Member
		23. Limestone, light brown and gray, pitted, microgranular to microcrystalline, argillaceous, weathers to light yellowish gray brown	3.0

Sample			Thickness, feet
Keene Section.--SE sec. 24, T. 13 S., R. 12 E. In bank of stream north of small bridge on east-west road, Wabaunsee County, Kansas.
Red Eagle Limestone
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		1. Limestone, very light brownish gray with some yellowish clayey iron oxides, hard, compact, aphanitic matrix for abundant fusulinids and common brachiopod fragments and smaller foraminifers, top exposed and weathered but change to darker gray at top suggests similarity to Pawnee section, top lumpy with dark gray in the lows between lumps	1.2
Johnson Shale
		Covered	5.0
		2. Limestone, medium brownish gray, very hard, very even textured, moderately to well laminated, platy to flaggy, argillaceous?, unfossiliferous, platestone varies to flagstone	1.0
		Covered interval, not measured
		Shale, greenish gray, calcareous, moderately to well laminated, badly slumped, mostly covered, seen in random patches on slopes 1/2 mile north of above

Sample			Thickness, feet
Eskridge Section.--SE NE sec. 17, T. 14 S., R. 12 E. In south bank of small creek just west of Kansas Highway 99, Wabaunsee County, Kansas (Fig. 14).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		1. Limestone, light brownish gray, microgranular matrix for common to abundant fusulinids and a few foraminifers and brachiopod fragments, top 0 to 1 inch is coquinoid fusulinid limestone with trace of shaly material (as in Bennett) and Orbiculoidea fragments in a slightly argillaceous matrix	0.9
Johnson Shale
		Covered	1.5
		2. Shale (slumped), varies to mudstone, buff, poorly to moderately laminated, even textured	1.0
		3. Shale, buff, probably weathered from medium gray, well laminated, waferlike, calcareous	0.6
		4. Limestone, medium gray, weathered buff, argillaceous to silty, well laminated, compact, platestone, minute textural differences from layer to layer, trace of very shallow channelling (1-2 mm), trace of fucoids, vague ripple marks	0.6
		5. Limestone, medium gray weathered medium buff, argillaceous to silty, vague rare laminae, essentially a massive unit	0.5
		6. Shale, medium to light brownish gray, very finely silty, calcareous, rare trace of carbonaceous remains up to 1/4 inch, well laminated, flaky to waferlike debris, laminations are slightly undulatory	1.0
		7. Shale, light greenish gray, moderately to poorly laminated, varies to mudstone yielding blocky debris, noncalcareous	1.0
		8. Shale and mudstone, very calcareous, very light to light brownish gray, moderately to poorly laminated	1.0
		9. Mudstone, light greenish gray, calcareous, poorly laminated, varies to shale	2.0
		10. Shale, light gray with greenish tint, calcareous, moderately to well laminated	1.0
		11. Shale, medium to light gray and greenish gray, calcareous, varies to argillaceous limestone and mudstone of same color, trace of carbonaceous remains, some silt, vague tubes and blebs of greenish clayey material	1.0
		12. Shale and mudstone, light greenish gray, calcareous, moderately to rarely laminated, trace of silt	1.0
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			12.2

Figure 14.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Eskridge section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Eskridge Quarry Section.--NW sec. 32, T. 14 S., R. 12 E. in large quarry 7/8 mile west of Kansas Highway 99. Large spoil heap can be seen for several miles. Wabaunsee County, Kansas (Fig. 15).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Bennett Shale Member
		1. Limestone, light greenish gray, argillaceous to pure crystalline, weathered to light yellowish brown, aphanitic to medium crystalline and coarsely (clear) crystalline where recrystallized, uneven rubbly bedding 3 inches, rough debris, trace of stylolites, very fossiliferous; common crinoid columnals with fragments of productid brachiopods, echinoid spines, ostracodes, and chambered foraminifers in crystalline and greenish-gray lime matrix	1.0
		2. Limestone, similar to above with slightly fewer fossils, crinoid debris common	1.0
		3. Limestone, as above but with more aphanitic matrix for fewer fossils, brachiopod fragments common, Crurithyris seen essentially undamaged	1.0
		4. Limestone, light brownish gray weathered light rusty gray, massive, medium to thick beds, hard, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for abundant fossil detritus, brachiopods, foraminifers, crinoid discs, spines, some clear medium to coarse calcite crystals, somewhat wavy irregular bedding planes, very rare greenish-gray clayey limestone in random wisps	1.0
		5. Limestone, light brownish gray, some microvugular pores, aphanitic matrix for common fossil detritus as above, trace foraminifers, Tolypammina?	1.0
		6. Limestone, as above, some vugular porous development in association with solution of fossils	1.0
		7. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic matrix for rare fossil detritus as above, random microvugular pores, trace of stylolites, thick massive beds, hard	1.0
		8. Limestone, as above with slightly more crystalline calcite fossil detritus, some vugs	1.0
		9. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for rare fossil detritus as above, trace of stylolites	1.0
		10. Limestone, as above, with crinoid discs, medium to thick massive beds	1.0
		11. Limestone, as above with vugs and common clear calcite crystalline fossil detritus	1.0
		12. Limestone, as above with large vugs, some vugs border on calcite-lined geodes, trace of stylolites	1.0
		13. Limestone, as above; exposed above water	1.0
Thickness Bennett Shale Member exposed			13.0
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone exposed			13.0

Figure 15.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Eskridge Quarry section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Eskridge South Section.--NE sec. 6, T. 15 S., R. 12 E. On northeast side of road leading into farmyard, Wabaunsee County, Kansas.
Red Eagle Limestone
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		1. Limestone, light grayish brown, aphanitic matrix for abundant fusulinids with rare brachiopod fragments and other foraminifers, upper 1/2 inch argillaceous with patches of dark-gray shaly material, clusters of fusulinids at top form coquina with trace to rare Orbiculoidea and bryozoan fragments and yellow weathered clay in matrix, top gently undulatory, weathered, lower 0.3 feet has fewer fossils	0.8
Johnson Shale
		Covered	5.0
		2. Shale, buff, weathered from dark gray, well laminated, calcareous, frail plain ostracodes and delicate plant remains along laminae, compact, flaky, to waferlike	1.0
		3. Siltstone, varies to mudstone, light yellowish to brownish gray, calcareous, moderately to well laminated	1.0
		4. Limestone, light yellowish to brownish gray, very muddy, well laminated within medium to thin beds, resistant	3.0
		Covered	2.5
		5. Limestone, light yellowish to brownish gray, weathered from medium gray, muddy, well laminated, platy to flaggy, very evenly laminated and even textured between laminae	0.7
		6. Limestone, similar to above but poorly laminated, even textured	0.8
		7. Mudstone and shale, moderately to well laminated, light greenish gray with some yellowish tint, slightly to moderately calcareous, possibly weathered from darker shale or mudstone	1.0
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			15.0

Sample			Thickness, feet
Judith Section.--NW NW Sec. 7, T. 15 S., R. 12 E. In east gutter of road up hillside, Wabaunsee County, Kansas.
Red Eagle Limestone
	Bennett Shale Member
		Limestone, not sampled, very similar to Eskridge Quarry	16.0
		1. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray, microgranular, slightly argillaceous matrix for common Orbiculoidea debris (some almost intact), trace of spines, crinoid discs, brachiopods, foraminifers	0.5
		2. Limestone, medium to light gray and brownish gray, microgranular, somewhat argillaceous matrix for common Orbiculoidea fragments, trace of fish teeth, thin to medium bedded, massive, base of resistant cliff-forming unit	0.5
		3. Shale and mudstone, medium brownish gray, weathered from dark gray, calcareous, Orbiculoidea nearly intact but flattened	0.5
		4. Shale, dark gray, weathered buff, moderately to well laminated, trace of Orbiculoidea fragments, slightly calcareous	1.0
		5. Shale, dark gray weathered buff, poorly to well laminated varying to fissile, Orbiculoidea commonly preserved nearly intact or as debris, trace of Lingula, rare trace of carbonaceous remains, calcite crystals along some laminae	0.5
		6. Shale, dark gray, weathered medium brownish gray, very well laminated, fissile, flaky to waferlike, calcareous, rare trace of Orbiculoidea and Lingula, fragments, compact	0.5
		7. Shale, dark gray fissile, waferlike, varies to crudely, laminated mudstone in places, trace of minute Orbiculoidea fragments possibly reworked from base, rare trace of conodonts and fish teeth, weathered buff, compact, brittle and tough, slightly calcareous	1.0
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			20.5
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		8. Limestone, light brownish gray, massive, matrix weathered faint light yellowish gray in places, microgranular to aphanitic matrix for abundant fusulinids throughout, trace of foraminifers, brachiopods, ostracodes, top grades through 1/2 inch of medium- to light-brown shale and argillaceous limestone with abundant Orbiculoidea and rare brachiopods (Lingula?, Crurithyris?) and fish teeth	0.9
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			21.4

Sample			Thickness, feet
Coffman Ranch Section.--S2 NW sec. 23, T. 15 S., R. 11 E. In quarry and along creek bank on Coffman Ranch property, Lyon County, Kansas (Fig. 16).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		Limestone, light brownish gray and grayish brown, typical fine osagite, foraminifers common, rare large bellerophontid gastropods and straight nautiloid cephalopods near top, undulatory lower contact, weathers light rusty brown along joints, light- to medium-gray weathering in exposed hillside benches, some deep surficial pitting in field exposures	5 to 6
	Bennett Shale Member
		1. Limestone, light gray to light brownish gray, aphanitic with some clear fine to coarse calcite crystals at random, stringers of greenish clay, trace of crinoid discs and brachiopod fragments and fenestrate bryozoans, nodular bedding planes, rubbly debris, medium to thin bedded, some silicified fossils	6.5
		2. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline with crystalline calcite fossil remains, crinoid discs, productid spines, foraminifers, hard, compact, massive unit with irregular boundaries	0.5 to 1.0
		3. Limestone, similar to 1 but more greenish clay associated with stylolites, greenish clay interbedded material	1.0
		4. Limestone, similar to 1 but less green clay	1.0
		5. Limestone, light gray to greenish gray and brownish gray, aphanitic matrix for common fossils (intact crinoid columnals, brachiopods, fenestrate and ramose bryozoans, and foraminifers), some fossils especially brachiopods replaced by milky opaline silica, similar to above	1.0
		6. Limestone, light gray to greenish gray, aphanitic matrix, some parts fossiliferous, crystalline, light brownish gray brachiopods, echinoid and productid spines, brachiopod fragments, rubbly, thin bedded, hard, some fossils silicified	0.5
		7. Limestone, similar to above, secondary calcite stringers and aphanitic brachiopod fillings produce pseudo-brecciated appearance in some places	0.5
		8. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic to medium crystalline, similar to above, very fossiliferous, crinoid columnals abundant (articulated), fragments of branching structureless algal? material, fenestellate and ramose bryozoans, spines as above, weathered light gray	0.5
		9. Limestone, light brownish gray with some faintly rusty yellow tint, medium to thick bedded, hard, massive, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for common fossil detritus ranging from normal sizes of crinoid discs (mainly disarticulated) and brachiopods to minute microscopic debris of great variety including bryozoans, ostracodes, foraminifers, ?rare trace Orbiculoidea fragments	2.0
		10. Limestone, matrix similar to above, randomly vuggy, trace of white opaline-replaced brachiopod shells, few megafossils	2.0
		11. Limestone, similar to above, columnar stylolites up to 2 inches	1.0
		12. Limestone, similar to above, light brownish gray, aphanitic matrix for rare medium crystals of calcite and common small nodules, horn corals rare, hard	1.0
		13. Limestone, similar to above, a few small vugs, harder than below (possibly owing to less clay)	14
		14. Limestone, similar to above, medium bedded, vugs developing at solution cavities associated with interiors of articulated brachiopod shells	1.0
		15. Limestone, similar to above, stylolites	1.0
		16. Limestone, similar to above, trace of rusty yellow stain at weathered surface, rare trace of Orbiculoidea fragments	1.0
		17. Limestone, similar to above	1.0
		18. Limestone, similar to above, seems more clayey, abundant microfossils	1.0
		19. Limestone, similar to above, rare trace of fish tooth seen	0.5
		20. Limestone, similar to above, microfossil debris abundant, productid and echinoid spines, trace of Orbiculoidea fragments seen	0.5
		21. Shale, dark gray to medium brownish gray, well laminated, calcareous,
		Orbiculoidea fragments common, rare trace of frail Lingula fragments, some Orbiculoidea well preserved but flattened (apical one-third seems to resist flattening), intact specimens in place?, minute flecks of black carbonaceous matter, conodonts, trace of calcareous nodules or lenticles in upper 0.5 foot	1.0
		22. Shale, similar to above, some weathered to light brownish gray, softer than below, moderately to well laminated, some microgeodes, interlaminated with below through 1 inch	0.5
		23. Shale, black to dark gray, compact, brittle, much harder than above, very slightly calcareous but calcareous where weathered to medium to light brownish gray and along slightly silty laminae of same color, not visibly fossiliferous	0.5
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			27.0
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		24. Limestone, medium brownish gray, massive, moderately hard, aphanitic matrix for profuse fusulinids (almost a fusulinid coquina in places), common small brachiopods, foraminifers, spines; evidence of worm tubes composed of medium-gray clayey material from Bennett above and containing Orbiculoidea fragments to the bottoms of the tubes, no tubes reach the base of this limestone; at top lithology changes through less than 1/8 inch from fusulinid subcoquina to Orbiculoidea subcoquina and thence upward to dark-gray Orbiculoidea-bearing shale of the Bennett, lower 1/4 inch of shale contains rare fusulinids (probably detrital), fossils here show crude orientation parallel to bedding plane; base gently undulatory through 1 inch	0.4
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			33.4
Johnson Shale
		25. Shale, light yellowish gray brown, well laminated, trace of carbonaceous plant remains and greenish-gray and dark-gray shale granules in calcareous clay matrix, weathered light grayish yellow	0.5
		26. Shale, light brownish gray, trace of rusty yellow tint, well laminated, probably weathered from medium gray, slightly trace of carbonaceous plant remains, rare trace of frail ostracodes associated with medium-gray shale remnants, calcareous	0.5
		27. Shale, light brownish gray, probably weathered from medium to dark gray, frail ostracodes common along laminae and abundant in thin laminar beds, well laminated, slightly silty, calcareous, rare trace of carbonaceous plant remains	1.0
		28. Shale, medium to light brownish gray, well laminated, calcareous, vague but abundant frail ostracodes as above	1.0
		29. Shale, light brownish gray, well laminated, probably weathered from medium gray, similar to above, rare trace of carbonaceous remains and ostracodes	1.0
		30. Limestone, very argillaceous (possibly calcimudite), microgranulitic, massive, vaguely laminated, rare trace of black carbonaceous remains, microgeodes	3.0
		31. Limestone, similar to above, light brownish gray,very argillaceous, well laminated, not visible, fossliferous	0.5
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			7.5

Figure 16.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Coffman Ranch section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Allen Section.--NW SW sec. 36, T. 15 S., R. 11 E. In south cut bank of small stream east of bridge on north-south county road, Lyon County, Kansas (Fig. 17).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Bennett Shale Member
		1. Limestone, medium to light gray, moderately laminated, muddy and shaly, slightly silty, trace of spine fragments and minute brown phosphatic remains (Orbiculoidea fragments)	1.0
		2. Limestone, medium to light gray, shaly, trace of brown Orbiculoidea fragments, spine remains, more massive in upper 0.5 foot, common crinoid stems intact	1.3
		3. Limestone, similar to above with spines and rare horn corals, trace of opaline cream), chert, trace of MnO₂	0.7
		4. Limestone, light gray with faint brownish tint, weathered light yellow gray, aphanitic, light- and medium-gray secondary opaline and porcelaneous chert nodules and silicified fossil fragments, Linoproductus, Dictyoclostus and other brachiopod fragments and spines, rare trace of fusulinids and ostracodes and crinoid discs, trace of Orbiculoidea fragments, some fusulinids in chert (cf. Triticites rockensis)	1.0
		5. Limestone, similar to above, common Orbiculoidea and trace of other brachiopod fragments and spines most obvious, some fossils silicified, some parts contain abundant Orbiculoidea fragments, very rare fusulinids	0.9
		6. Shale, medium to light gray brown, clayey, calcareous, common Orbiculoidea fragments (some parts subcoquinoid), moderately laminated	0.05
		7. Shale, medium to light brownish gray, clayey to very finely silty, calcareous, well laminated, trace of Orbiculoidea fragments	0.5
		8. Shale, dark gray, calcareous, well laminated, soft, fissile	0.3
		9. Shale, medium grayish brown, well laminated, calcareous	0.3
Thickness Bennett Shale Member exposed			6.05
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		10-11. Limestone, light brownish gray; microcrystalline matrix for abundant fossil detritus including fusulinids, foraminifers (cf. Tolypammina), brachiopod fragments, ostracodes, and algally coated brachiopod fragments; fossils oriented roughly parallel to bedding, top has high-spired gastropods and algal blebs, a single massive unit, fragments of aphanitic limestone material give rare brecciation effect in lower 0.6 foot, fusulinids rare to absent in lower part of unit	1.3
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone exposed			7.35
Johnson Shale
		12. Shale and mudstone, light yellowish gray, probably weathered from medium gray, vaguely laminated, calcareous, chalky	1.0
		13. Shale, medium to light grayish brown, weathered from medium gray, well laminated, soft to compact, calcareous, frail white ostracodes along laminae, rare trace of carbonaceous (plant) remains and fish teeth	1.0
		14. Shale, light brownish gray, calcareous, well laminated, common fragmental carbonaceous plant remains along laminae with frail ostracodes	0.5
		15. Shale, medium brownish gray, weathered from dark gray, calcareous, well laminated, frail small ostracodes, mostly broken along laminae, finely divided black carbonaceous remains	0.5
		16. Shale, medium to light brownish gray, similar to above with rare plant remains along some laminae	0.1
		17. Shale, medium to light greenish gray with some yellowish tint, calcareous, lacks plant remains	0.5
		18. Shale, light yellowish to brownish gray, well laminated, compact, harder than above, very calcareous	1.0
		19. Limestone, very light brownish gray, argillaceous, aphanitic, massive with vague papery laminae, vague ripple marks near top	1.0
		20. Limestone, similar to above but harder and more resistant, vaguely laminated	1.0
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			6.6

Figure 17.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Allen section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Allen No. 2 Section.--SW NW sec. 35, T. 15 S., R. 11 E. Beside bridge on north-south county road, Lyon County, Kansas (Fig. 18).
Roca Shale
		1. Limestone, light gray with brownish tint, aphanitic, hard, dense, rare clear calcite crystals at random	0.7
		2. Shale, medium to light greenish gray, calcareous, well laminated, soft to moderately compact, slightly silty, subtle green-gray and buff intralaminations	0.5
		3. Shale and mudstone, medium to light greenish gray, noncalcareous, grades upward into above	1.0
Thickness Roca Shale exposed			2.2
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		4. Limestone, in algal buns topped and surrounded by greenish mudstone as above, osagitic, tan oolites and pseudo-oolites in green clay (with some CaCO₃ matrix, some portions foraminiferal with tan aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix and vague to well defined concentric laminar structure forming the buns, some small high-spired gastropods seen, one nautiloid cephalopod found beneath a bun	0.2
		5. Limestone, light brownish gray, foraminiferal and pseudo oolitic with some tiny gastropods as above, matrix medium to aphanitic tan CaCO₃, some leached oolite porosity, hard	1.0
		6. Limestone, transition between above and below, some medium vugs	1.0
		7. Limestone, light brownish gray with greenish-gray clay seams, vugs, microcrystalline to medium-crystalline matrix for abundant crystalline fossil fragments, brachiopods, foraminifers, spines	0.5
		8. Limestone, similar to above, richly fossiliferous, brachiopods, crinoid discs, spines, rare gastropods, rare fenestellate bryozoans, rare ostracodes, trace of milky opaline chert	0.5
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			3.2
	Bennett Shale Member
		9. Limestone, light gray, argillaceous, poorly laminated, varies to calcareous mudstone, trace of brachiopods, ostracodes, spines	1.0
		Covered	1.0
		10. Shale, light gray with pale-green cast, possibly weathered from medium gray, calcareous, rare trace of fish teeth?, ostracodes, Orbiculoidea, well laminated	1.0
		11. Shale, light brownish gray, calcareous, well laminated, trace of Orbiculoidea, ostracodes, brachiopod fragments	1.0
		12. Shale, medium gray, weathered buff, calcareous, well laminated, trace of ostracodes, brachiopod fragments, trace of spines, grades to below	0.5
		13. Limestone, medium to light gray, very muddy, varies to calcareous mudstone, fossiliferous, brachiopods, rare Orbiculoidea, spines	1.2
		14. Limestone, medium gray, argillaceous, weathered light buff, some buff secondary porcelaneous chert concretions, fossiliferous, aphanitic matrix for fusulinids, foraminifers, brachiopod fragments, and spines; massive, resistant, hard	0.6
		15. Limestone, light brownish gray, hard, similar to above but lacks chert, some milky opaline chert replacements of fossil fragments; aphanitic matrix for profuse fossil detritus including brachiopod fragments, spines, small foraminifers, and Orbiculoidea	0.7
		16. Shale, medium gray, mostly weathered to gray buff, moderately to well laminated, calcareous, Orbiculoidea fragments common, trace of spines and brachiopod fragments (cf. Crurithyris), slightly silty	0.3
		17. Shale, very dark gray, very well laminated, very slightly calcareous, rare laminar lenticles of marly clay and subcoquina of Orbiculoidea fragments, very rare fish teeth, small spines, very frail ostracodes, disc-like foraminifers (Ammodiscus?), dark-brown possible fish bones?	0.3
	Glenrock Limestone Member
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			7.6
		18. Limestone, medium gray to brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for abundant fossils, fusulinids (Triticites?) and brachiopod fragments common, rare frail coiled or wormlike foraminifers (Tolypammina?), spines, some subrounded fragments of medium-gray or bluish-gray aphanitic limestone give sparse conglomeratic effect; top undulatory, distinct, and coated with subcoquina of Orbiculoidea and Lingula fragments in a very dark gray clay matrix; crude worm burrows similar to Pawnee locality which contain Orbiculoidea fragments are 2 inches below top of this unit, some algal CaCO₃ coatings on brachiopod fragments, rare trace of pyrite, one or two broken fusulinds at base of overlying Orbiculoidea subcoquina	0.9
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			11.7

Figure 18.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Allen No. 2 section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Dunlap Section.--SE SE sec. 23, T. 17 S., R. 9 E. In west bank of road cut just south of bridge, Morris County, Kansas.
Roca Shale
		1. Mudstone and shale, light greenish yellowish gray, calcareous, moderately to poorly laminated, arenaceous foraminifers	1.0
		2. Mudstone, similar to above, rare patches of light greenish gray associated with rusty yellow flecks	1.0
		3. Shale, light gray, faintly greenish, flecks of rusty weathering, well laminated, calcareous, some laminae are wavy	1.0
		4. Limestone, light gray, faintly greenish, shaly, poorly to nonlaminated, calcareous	0.2
		5. Mudstone, light gray, faintly greenish, calcareous, vaguely laminated in some places, chalky	1.5
		6. Shale and mudstone, medium to light greenish gray, green in patches, calcareous, compact, rubbly debris	0.8
		7. Limestone, medium to light greenish gray, argillaceous, green clay in wormy tubes up to 1/16 inch diameter, trace brachiopod fragments, one ostracode seen	0.3
		8. Shale, medium to light grayish green, calcareous, nonuniform mixture of green clay and light-grayish-brown calcareous material, moderately wavy laminae	0.5
		9. Shale, varies to mudstone, medium green with grayish cast, noncalcareous, irregular blocky debris	1.5
		10. Shale, medium gray to bluish gray, varies to mudstone, compact, irregular blocky debris, noncalcareous	0.5
		11. Limestone, light brownish gray, argillaceous, pitted, vague broken small buns at top suggest algal origin	1.0
		12. Shale, light gray, faintly brownish, chalky, poorly laminated, noncalcareous	0.5
		13. Shale and mudstone, dark brick red, silty, poorly to moderately laminated, blocky debris, noncalcareous	0.5
		14. Shale, brick red, softer than above, irregular blocky debris, calcareous, moderately to poorly laminated	1.0
		15. Shale and mudstone, medium to light gray with pale-brick-red cast, silty, blocky debris, very calcareous	1.0
		16. Shale, medium gray with brownish tint, blocky debris, noncalcareous, compact	0.3
		17. Shale, medium greenish gray to gray, compact, very slightly calcareous, moderately laminated	0.2
		18. Limestone, light brownish gray, argillaceous, wavy thin bedding, aphanitic	1.0
		19. Limestone, light gray shaly very thin wavy beds, faintly brownish, aphanitic	1.0
		20. Shale, light gray, faintly greenish, very calcareous, well laminated, waferlike debris, compact, rare trace of faint interference ripples, silty	1.0
		21. Shale, similar to above but slightly harder and more resistant	1.0
		22. Shale, light gray, some pale-brick-red mottling, well laminated, softer than above, silty, calcareous	1.0
		Covered	3.5
Thickness Roca Shale			21.3
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		23. Limestone, medium grayish brown, weathered light rusty yellowish brown to light brown, pseudo-oolitic, foraminiferal, common microcrystalline clear calcite matrix for oolites; foraminifers, ostracodes, small brachiopods or clams, coated by algal CaCO₃ yield pseudo-oolites; exposed	0.5

Sample			Thickness, feet
Saffordville Section.--NW SW sec. 30, T. 19 S., R. 9 E. In south bank of Cottonwood River east of stone bridge, Chase County, Kansas (Fig. 19).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		1. Limestone, medium brownish gray, microcrystalline, badly pitted and weathered	0.8
		2. Limestone, medium brownish gray, microcrystalline matrix for extremely abundant foraminifers of several kinds, some ostracodes, some fossils coated with secondary algal calcite giving pseudo-oolitic effect, typical osagite	1.0
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			1.8
	Bennett Shale Member
		Covered, weathered fossil remains in soil suggest similarity to shale at Elmdale	7.5
		3. Limestone, light-gray aphanitic matrix for few clear crystalline brachiopod fragments and rusty-brown stringers of possible algal origin, traces of random clear calcite crystals, algal? mounds, rare traces of ostracodes and coiled foraminifers	0.4
		4. Limestone, light buff, similar to thin and wavy-laminated rubbly beds, aphanitic matrix, linear algae	1.5
		5. Limestone, light buff, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix, some vugs, random clear medium calcite crystals, hard; this is upper part of 3.0-foot massive unit with medium intrabeds	1.0
		6. Limestone, similar to above, rare crinoid discs, brachiopod fragments and spines, rare traces of ostracodes, rare stringers of linear algae, traces of vugs along styIolites, a rare trace of Rhombopora?, one high- spired tiny gastropod	1.0
		7. Limestone, similar to above, vuggy, some large broken bilobate brachiopods (Juresania?), some linear algae	1.0
		8. Limestone, buff and rusty brown, aphanitic to medium crystals, peculiar wavy and brecciated layers of hard and soft lime suggesting a combination of algal deposition and shrinkage-crack filling, Ammovertella along algal sheets, somewhat similar to 5	0.5
		9. Limestone, medium to light gray, aphinitic, calcareous to argillaceous matrix for small brachiopod fragments and spines, rare crinoid discs and rare fusulinids, softer and more shaly than above, grades downward into calcareous limestone barren of fusulinids	0.2
		10. Mudstone, medium gray, calcareous, very clayey, traces of brachiopods and spines, traces of brown plant? remains and/or fish? remains, moderately laminated	1.0
		11. Shale, medium gray, moderately laminated, calcareous, rare trace of fenestellate bryozoans, frail brachiopods, ostracodes	0.5
		12. Shale, dark gray, well laminated with intrabeds of shale as in above containing abundant Orbiculoidea fragments (subcoquina) with fewer frail Lingula oriented parallel to laminae, traces of fish teeth and brachiopod spines	0.2
		Shale, same as above	1.0
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			15.8
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone exposed			17.6
Johnson Shale
		13. Limestone, medium gray, aphanitic, hard, moderately laminated, rough platy debris, trace of very delicate brachiopods, ostracodes common	1.0

Figure 19.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Saffordville section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Elmdale Section.-Near C sec. 26, T. 19 S., R. 7 E. Road cut in hillside above bridge 1 mile east of Elmdale, Chase County, Kansas (Fig. 20).
Roca Shale
		1. Shale, light greenish gray, calcareous, moderately laminated, very finely silty	1.0
		2. Shale, light olive green to gray, calcareous, moderately laminated, rare trace of black carbonaceous? remains	1.0
		Covered	2.0
		3. Mudstone, medium maroon to greenish gray and gray, slightly calcareous, blocky debris	1.0
		Limestone, light gray and greenish gray, very muddy	0.2
		4. Mudstone, medium gray to greenish gray with maroon tint along microfractures, similar to above, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous	1.0
		5. Shale, light gray to greenish gray, very calcareous, compact, trace of silt, argillaceous lime nodules near base	0.8
		6. Mudstone, medium greenish gray, calcareous in fractures, similar to 3 and 4, poorly laminated	1.0
		7. Shale, medium to light gray, slightly calcareous, trace of pale-greenish-maroon tint	1.0
		8. Shale, medium to light gray and greenish gray, slightly calcareous, moderately laminated	1.0
		Covered, presumably shale	4.0
Thickness Roca Shale			14.0
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		9. Limestone, medium brownish gray to light yellowish gray, massive, pelletoid, pseudo-oolitic (osagite), some algae-coated brachiopods or clams? with encrusting foraminifers as below, matrix of clear calcite varying to clayey microcrystalline calcite	0.3
		10. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray, microcrystalline matrix for abundant arenaceous foraminifers, rare "osagia," medium to thin bedding	0.7
		11. Limestone, light rusty yellow, badly pitted and vuggy, decayed, clayey, fairly even textured, microcrystalline matrix where intact	1.5
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			2.5
	Bennett Shale Member
		12. Clay, light yellow, calcareous, marly, varies to soft pitted clay limestone	0.3
		13. Shale, light brownish gray, faintly yellowish, well laminated, rare ostracodes, trace of spine fragments	1.0
		14. Shale, light gray, calcareous, fossiliferous, well laminated, rare thin limestone wafers containing abundant fossils, trace of ostracodes and spine fragments, brachiopods	1.0
		15. Shale, light brownish gray, faintly yellowish, calcareous, fossiliferous, Neospirifer, bryozoans, productid spines, brachiopods, well laminated	0.5
		16. Shale, light brownish gray, similar to above, calcareous, grades to below	1.0
		17. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline, rare to common foraminifers with brachiopods, linear algae and productid spines; compact, a single unit with wavy intrabeds	1.0
		18. Limestone, very light brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline, hard, medium bedded, some microvugs and small vugs	1.0
		19. Limestone, similar to above, more vuggy	1.0
		20. Limestone, similar to 18, some stylolites	1.0
		21. Limestone, similar to 18, abundant microfossil detritus vaguely preserved	1.0
		22. Limestone, medium gray to light brownish gray with rusty yellow tint, shaly, well to moderately laminated, wavy laminae, fossiliferous, common brachiopod fragments and spines oriented roughly parallel to the laminae, some fusulinids, bryozoans, crinoid discs	0.3 to 0.4
		23. Limestone, medium grayish brown to brownish gray, composed largely of very fine well-broken fossil detritus, brachiopods, spines, foraminifers, very rare fish teeth, some dark brown carbonaceous? remains, rare trace of Orbiculoidea fragments and fusulinids, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix	0.3 to 0.4
		24. Shale, dark gray to medium brownish gray at top, calcareous, grades from fossiliferous limestone above downward into argillaceous limestone below, fills worm burrows in 25, vague ripple marks, trace of Orbiculoidea, rare fish teeth, base is almost a coquina of Orbiculoidea	0.1
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			9.7
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			12.2
Johnson Shale
		25. Limestone, light gray, faintly brownish, very argillaceous, vaguely laminated, thin worm burrows in upper 0.1 foot filled with Orbiculoidea-bearing black clay and black muddy limestone from 24, tubes also contain fish teeth, grades to calcareous shale below, massive in upper part, even textured, top slightly undulatory below cap of black Orbiculoidea shale, trace of black phosphatic bone? remains, top contains random rare roughly tubular 1- to 2-inch lumps of fusulinid -bearing limestone similar to Glenrock lithology, lumps appear to be decapitated burrow fillings	1.0
		26. Shale, light brownish gray, calcareous, moderately to well laminated, trace of black plant remains and plant molds	1.0
		27. Shale, light brownish gray, weathered from medium gray, well laminated, calcareous, trace of plant remains and ostracodes	0.6
		28. Limestone, light brownish gray, laminated, vaguely ripple marked, hard, argillaceous, aphanitic, common ostracodes along laminae near top (platestone equivalent)	0.3
		29. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray, even textured, some small vugs and microgeodes, argillaceous, aphanitic	0.5
		30. Clay, light yellowish gray, marly	0.3
		31. Mudstone, medium to light brownish gray, calcareous, trace of pale-greenish-gray slit granules, moderate to poorly laminated, blocky debris	2.0
		32. Shale, light gray, faintly greenish and brownish, calcareous, finely silty	2.0
		33. Mudstone, medium greenish gray, faintly bluish, clayey, noncalcareous, irregular blocky debris, fairly hard	2.0
		34. Shale, similar to above, medium to light greenish gray, noncalcareous	1.0
		35. Shale, light brownish gray, calcareous, moderately to well laminated, clayey to very finely silty	1.3
		36. Limestone, light yellow gray, argillaceous and shaly, grades to below	1.4
		37. Mudstone, medium to light yellow gray, very calcareous, similar to above	1.0
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			14.4

Figure 20.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Elmdale section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Turnpike Section.--(Mile 118.1) sec. 17, T. 20 S., R. 10 E. Lyon County, Kansas.
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		1. Limestone, very light brownish gray, microcrystalline matrix for abundant foraminifers, hard, exposed	0.5
	Bennett Shale Member
		Covered	5.5
		2. Shale, buff, weathered from medium gray, very calcareous, moderately to well laminated, Tetrataxis, Bigenerina, ostracodes, Amphissites, Bairdia, Bythocypris, Minilya, Penniretopora, Fenestellina, Rhombopora, trace of brachiopod fragments, Crurithyris, Chonetes, productid spines, echinoid spines and plates, holothurian wheels, gastropods (Anematina?)	1.0
		3. Limestone, light buff, fossiliferous, microcrystalline to aphanitic matrix for brachiopod fragments, linear algae, trace of ostracodes (Amphissites), hard to moderately hard, weathered yellowish	0.9
		4. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic to somewhat microcrystalline matrix for common brachiopod fragments, Crurithyris, very rare Orbiculoidea, crinoid discs, Fenestella?, somewhat argillaceous along wavy shaly stringers, some thick and thin linear algae	1.2
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			8.6
Johnson Shale
		5. Shale, medium to light yellowish buff, well laminated, calcareous, rare fossils	0.5
		6. Limestone, argillaceous, and shale, calcareous; medium to light grayish brown, moderately to well laminated, wavy laminae, rare to common delicate ostracodes, brachiopod fragments, rare black carbonaceous plant remains	0.3
		7. Shale, medium brownish gray with pale-yellow to greenish cast, brown carbonaceous remains, Ammodiscus, Tetrataxis, Bairdia, Bythocypris, Cavellina, holothurian "wheels," Crurithyris? Distacodus	1.0
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			1.8

Sample			Thickness, feet
Sallyards Section.--SW NW sec. 11, T. 26 S., R. 8 E. At turn of the road 1 mile south of Sallyards, Greenwood County, Kansas.
Red Eagle Limestone
	Bennett Shale Member
		1. Limestone, medium gray, aphanitic matrix for crinoid discs, bryozoans, brachiopods, Schuchertella	1.0
		2. Shale, mottled buff to olive gray, clayey, calcareous, soft, crinoid discs, bryozoans, Fenestrellina, Distacodus, Streptognathodus, Orbiculoidea, Bigenerina, Tetrataxis	1.0
Thickness Bennett Shale Member exposed			2.0

Sample			Thickness, feet
Piedmont Section.--NE SW sec. 30, T. 27 S., R. 8 E. 5 miles west and 3 1/2 miles north of Piedmont, Greenwood County, Kansas.
Red Eagle Limestone
	Bennett Shale Member
		1-2. Limestone, light gray to brownish gray, some yellowish-rusty clay in vugs and leached fossils, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for abundant fusulinids, rare crinoid discs and brachiopod spines, medium indistinct beds, heavily pitted, detached from limestone ledge below (floating)	1.5
		3. Limestone, light brownish gray or buff, yellowish clayey material in vugs, microcrystalline matrix for very rare brachiopod fragments, ostracodes, fusulinids, much vugular and leached fossil porosity	1.0
		4. Limestone, light gray buff, much less porosity than above, microcrystalline matrix for rare brachiopod fragments, spines, ostracodes, foraminifers?, very rare fusulinids	1.0
		5. Limestone, similar to above, rare small vugs, tighter than above, some pitting at surface, medium bedded	1.0
		6. Limestone, similar to above with extremely rare traces of Orbiculoidea fragments, medium bedded	1.0
		7. Limestone, similar to above with common fusulinids, lacks Orbiculoidea fragments	1.0
		8. Limestone, similar to above, tract of chert nodules; upper part of a 4-foot massive unit with medium to thick intrabeds	1.0
		9. Limestone, similar to above, crinoid discs, dark gray chert nodules containing fusulinids	1.0
		10. Limestone, similar to above, crinoid discs, brachiopod fragments, rare ostracodes, common fusulinids	1.0
		11. Limestone, similar to above, medium to thick beds with undulatory (relief 2 inches) bedding planes	1.0
		12. Limestone, medium to light gray and brownish gray, similar to above, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for abundant Orbiculoidea fragments and common fusulinids, brachiopod fragments, spines, small crinoid discs, common rusty stains in pores throughout, hard, resistant	0.6
		13. Limestone, similar to above but fewer fossils	0.5
		14. Limestone, medium grayish brown, fossil content similar to above, extremely rare presence of ramose bryozoans	0.5
		15. Limestone, medium to light gray, argillaceous?, common fusulinids, rare brachiopod fragments, some linear algae, uniform texture, microcrystalline to microgranular	1.0
		16. Limestone, grades to above, medium gray, argillaceous, extremely rare trace of pyrite, abundant fusulinids	0.5
		Covered	10.5
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			24.1
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		17. Limestone, medium gray brown and brownish gray, contains abundant fusulinids, thin bedded, weathered rusty brown, microcrystalline matrix, hard, medium-gray chert blebs, fusulinids contain milky opaline chert, rare Dunbarinella?, common Triticites?, lower part contains very abundant fusulinids	1.5
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			25.6

Sample			Thickness, feet
Grand Summit Section.-SE sec. 3, T. 31 S., R. 8 E. Along railroad cut 4 miles west and 2 miles north of Grenola, Elk County, Kansas (Fig. 21).
Grenola Limestone
	Sallyards Limestone Member
		Limestone, Aviculopecten and other fossils
Roca Shale
		1. Shale and limestone, interlaminated; calcareous shale, light brownish to yellowish gray, moderately to well laminated, soft; thin light-gray aphanitic limestone interlaminated up to 0.5 inch thick; trace of fenestrate bryozoans	0.5
		2. Mudstone, very light to light brownish gray, marly, some small lime nodules	0.5
		3. Mudstone, very light brownish gray, shaly, chalky	1.0
		4. Mudstone, light pinkish gray, calcareous, chalky	1.0
		5. Mudstone, light pinkish gray, calcareous, chalky, poorly laminated	1.0
		6. Mudstone, very light greenish gray, chalky	0.5
		Covered, presumably shale	4.0
		7. Claystone, brick red, somewhat chopped up by slumping	0.5
		Covered, presumably shale	5.5
Thickness Roca Shale			14.5
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		8. Limestone, light yellowish gray typical osagite, foraminiferal?, some ostracodes, small gastropods and brachiopods, deeply pitted, yellowish weathering	2.0
	Bennett Shale Member
		9. Limestone, buff, microcrystalline matrix for medium crystalline rare fossil remains such as brachiopod fragments, hard, medium bedded, massive	1.0
		10. Limestone, light brownish gray, some yellowish limonitic clay tint, medium to thin bedded within massive thicker unit	1.0
		11. Limestone, similar to above, medium to thin bedded	1.0
		12. Limestone, light brownish gray, thin bedded, microcrystalline, trace of ostracodes and brachiopod fragments, some microvugs and leached fossil porosity, similar to above but lacking yellowish stain	1.0
		13. Limestone, light brownish gray to gray brown, medium bedded, microcrystalline matrix for common brachiopod fragments and spines and trace of crinoid discs, some yellowish stain, medium crystalline clear calcite fossil remains and some leached fossil pores	1.0
		14. Limestone, similar to above with fewer brachiopod fragments	1.0
		15-16. Limestone, similar to 13 but no yellow stain and almost no pores, hard, dense	2.0
		17. Limestone, light brownish gray with some limonitic yellow clay stains in leached fossil pores, microcrystalline matrix for common brachiopod fragments and spines, trace of crinoid discs, some microvugular pores	0.5
		18. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray, lower part of a 1.5-foot bed, microcrystalline matrix for medium crystals of clear calcitic fossil remains, abundant brachiopod fragments	1.0
		19. Shale, light yellowish gray brown, very calcareous, clayey, rare trace of Orbiculoidea fragments	0.1
		20-21. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray and gray with wavy rusty stringers undulating parallel to bedding plane, massive unit which weathers to thin wavy beds owing to very thin shaly intrabeds or partings, microcrystalline matrix for common brachiopod fragments (Crurithyris?) and rare crinoid discs, but some aphanitic parts are free of fossils, much fine to medium crystalline clear calcite shell remains or leached fossil fillings, wavy algal material similar to that seen at Saffordville section, hard	1.4
		22-23. Limestone, massive unit which weathers to thin wavy intrabeds, similar to above with fewer brachiopods and no rusty stringers, some linear algae? in aphanitic wavy portion, very rare fusulinids seen, trace of crinoids	2.0
		24. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray, microcrystalline matrix for rare brachiopod fragments and spines, hard, rare crinoid discs, possibly linear algae, Juresania, horn corals	0.3
		25. Limestone, light to medium yellowish gray, moderately to well laminated, shaly, brachiopod fragments and spines, rare trace of fusulinids	0.2
		26. Limestone, medium to light gray and brownish gray, microcrystalline hard to softer argillaceous matrix for common Orbiculoidea fragments, rare trace of glauconite grains, brachiopod fragments, very rare fusulinids	0.25
		27. Shale, medium to light brownish gray with limonitic yellow cast, abundant Orbiculoidea fragments, trace of conodonts and ostracodes, larger brachiopod fragments and glauconite grains rare, very rare fusulinids, rare trace of gastropods, very fossiliferous, calcareous, undulatory boundaries, well laminated	0.1
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			13.85
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		28. Limestone, medium brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for common fusulinids (Triticites sp.), rare brachiopod fragments and spines, some medium- to dark-gray round spots that suggest worm burrows and contain some small Orbiculoidea fragments	0.25
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			16.1
Johnson Shale
		29. Shale, light brownish gray with light-gray argillaceous chalky lime nodules containing fusulinids and small brachiopods, earthy, calcareous, trace of carbonaceous plant remains, ostracodes, brown phosphatic remains	0.5
		30. Shale, very light brownish gray with yellowish cast, well laminated, calcareous, trace of minute carbonaceous plant remains, lime nodules of similar color rarely contain tiny spinose brachiopods cf. Chonetes?	1.0
		31. Shale, similar to above	1.0
		32. Limestone, medium gray, nodular, up to 0.5 foot thick, aphanitic, very rare high-spired gastropods cf. Leptoptygma or Anematina?, weathered light buff, hard	0.5
		33. Shale, medium gray, weathered light to medium buff, well laminated, trace of brachiopod fragments cf. Linoproductus (flattened), common black plant remains along some laminae	0.4
		34. Limestone, similar to 32, hard	0.3
		35. Shale, similar to 33, some small nodular aphanitic limestone with trace of gastropods	1.0
		36. Shale, similar to above with Linoproductus commonly associated with limestone nodules	1.0
		37. Limestone, light yellowish gray, hard, appears earthy, somewhat similar to mudstone below, aphanitic to microcrystalline, trace of ostracodes, possibly algal crystalline limestone in small 1-inch waves	0.8
		38. Mudstone, light brownish gray, calcareous	1.0
Thickness Johnson Shale exposed			7.5

Figure 21.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Grand Summit section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Highway 38 Section.--S-line sec. 21, T. 32 S., R. 8 E. In Kansas Highway 38 road cut, Cowley County, Kansas (Fig. 22).
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		1-2. Limestone, light yellow brown; aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for rare fossil fragments such as ostracodes, brachiopod fragments and spines; color due to finely divided limonitic material throughout, pitted and rounded top, medium to thin bedded within thicker major beds, slightly osagitic	2.0
		3. Limestone, light buff with some pale-yellow tint, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for rare brachiopod fragments and small wavy algal sheets?, rare blebs of fine to medium clear calcite crystals, hard, some vugs	1.0
		4. Limestone, similar to above, bedding as above, trace of ramose bryozoans and small brachiopods	1.0
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			4.0
	Bennett Shale Member
		5-7. Limestone, light brownish gray, microcrystalline matrix for fossils similar to above, some brachiopods nearly intact, some vugs, very hard, less weathered than above, some fragments of unidentified fenestrate bryozoans and ostracodes on weathered surface, random fine to medium clear calcite crystals throughout, fresh surface does not reveal the fossil material revealed on weathered surface, medium to thick beds, wavy to nodular bedding planes	3.0
		8. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for obscure fossil debris much more finely broken than above, rare brachiopods and spines, extremely rare fusulinids	1.0
		9. Limestone, similar to above, slightly more argillaceous	1.0
		10. Limestone, medium grayish brown to light brownish gray, pitted to vuggy with medium secondary calcite crystals, varies to microcrystalline and aphanitic, weathered surface reveals brachiopod fragments and bryozoans not observable on fresh surface, Wellerella?	1.0
		11. Limestone, similar to above, heavily pitted and weathered in this sample, only brachiopods seen	1.0
		12. Limestone, light yellowish to brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for common small brachiopod and ostracode fragments and spines, some limonite-lined leached-fossil pores	1.0
		13. Limestone, medium grayish brown to light brownish gray, microcrystalline matrix for brachiopod fragments, interbedded argillaceous limestone with fossil fragments, linear algae?	1.0
		14. Limestone, light gray with medium- to dark-gray wavy clay seams cf. northern Bennett shale as interbeds, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for profuse fossils similar to above but more finely divided, Schuchertella?, bryozoans, Hustedia	1.0
		15. Limestone, light brownish gray, micro-vugular porosity, microcrystalline matrix for fossil fragments	1.0
		16. Limestone, medium gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for fossils as above, some fenestrate bryozoans seen on weathered surface	1.0
		17. Limestone, similar to above with some wavy linear algae, some weathered to light brown, wavy dark-gray clay interbeds, much secondary calcite crystals as in all units above	1.0
		18. Limestone, medium to dark gray, weathered medium to light grayish brown, very shaly, sometimes varies to similar calcareous shale, moderately to well laminated, rare Orbiculoidea fragments and common brachiopod fragments of other types	0.2
Thickness Bennett Shale Member			13.2
	Glenrock Limestone Member
		19. Limestone, medium gray, very argillaceous, soft, abundant fusulinids, some crinoid discs and brachiopod fragments, Composita seen, rare wormy tubes of black clay, uneven, up to	0.5
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone			17.7
Johnson Shale
		20. Marl, varies to soft very calcareous shale, light yellowish to brownish gray, trace of brown and black plant remains and brown or waxy plant remains, trace of frail lirate brachiopods and ostracodes	0.4
		21. Limestone and shale; limestone medium gray, microcrystalline, up to 0.4 foot in place, argillaceous, fairly even textured, nodular lime lenticles in shale at random and in definite thin horizons; shale buff, probably weathered from medium gray, moderately to well laminated, calcareous, rare trace of brown carbonaceous material	1.0
		22. Limestone and shale, as above, limestone is aphanitic, shale contains frail lirate brachiopod fragments and rare to common carbonaceous broken grassy plant fragments, long unbroken productid spines, trace of ostracodes, one lamina has profuse brachiopod and spine fragments with some ostracodes and common black plant remains, productid brachiopods common	1.0
		23. Limestone and shale; shale light gray with rare plant remains and tiny ostracodes, calcareous; limestone aphanitic, light gray	1.0
		24. Limestone, nodular, and shale, as above	1.0
		25. Shale, medium gray, well to moderately laminated, calcareous, frail ostracodes, rare trace of very finely divided plant remains, Linoproductus?	0.8
		Limestone, medium gray, aphanitic, very tight, some rare vugs, hard	0.15
		26. Shale and limestone, medium gray, interlaminated, trace of black plant remains, one possible fish scale seen and fragments of other brown phosphatic material, moderately to well laminated, trace of ostracodes	0.7
		Limestone, medium to light gray, very even thickness, some crude interlaminations, aphanitic, even textured, hard	0.1
		Conglomerate, calcareous and argillaceous granule- and sand-size particles of shale and fossil detritus In silty to microcrystalline calcareous matrix, ostracodes, microbrachiopods, possibly foraminifers, rare trace of vitreous coal material, rare trace of pyrite, conglomerate fragments come from unit below	0.2
		Shale, light brownish gray, calcareous, common carbonaceous plant remains, trace of Wellerella, rare trace of brown phosphatic remains, grades up to above	0.1
		27. Limestone, light brownish gray, aphanitic, some random blebs of fine to medium crystalline calcite, argillaceous	0.7
		28. Shale and mudstone, some off-white limy marly nodules, light yellowish gray, weathered from pale light greenish gray, calcareous	1.5
		29. Shale, light to medium yellowish gray, very well laminated, calcareous, some off-white marly interlaminations	1.5
		30. Shale, similar to above with slightly more laminations, calcareous, clayey	0.5
		31. Mudstone, light brownish gray, calcareous, vaguely laminated, some carbonaceous plant remains common along the laminae, rare trace of ostracodes	1.0
		32. Mudstone, light to medium brownish gray, calcareous, very rare trace of plant fragments, very rare small sands and granules of crystalline tan limestone	1.0
		33. Mudstone, similar to above with some greenish gray lime and shale grains and sands well rounded to angular	1.0
		34. Mudstone, similar to above with some angular mud granules	1.0
		35. Mudstone, light brownish gray, very calcareous, marly, somewhat similar above but rare sand grains	1.0
		36. Mudstone, maroon, calcareous	1.0
		Mudstone, maroon gray, calcareous, vaguely laminated, some granules of greenish gray shale	1.0
		37. Mudstone, light greenish gray, calcareous with granules of brown limestone as below	0.5
		38. Mudstone, similar to above with brown aphanitic microcrystalline medium- to dark-brown limestone in nodules and crude networks	0.7
		39. Limestone, similar to material in nodules above, medium to dark brown and brownish gray, aphanitic to microcrystalline, trace of pale-green clay blebs, rare trace of ostracodes	1.3
		40. Shale, light greenish gray to olive greenish gray, vaguely laminated, some random buff aphanitic lime nodules	0.5
		41. Shale, light gray, calcareous, vaguely laminated, somewhat chalky, trace of brachiopods and ramose bryozoans	0.5
		Covered	1.9
Thickness Johnson Shale			23.05

Figure 22.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Red Eagle section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

Sample			Thickness, feet
Red Eagle Section.--SW SE sec. 25, T. 28 N., R. 6 E. In south wall of road cut on east-west road 2 miles west of Foraker, Osage County, Oklahoma.
Red Eagle Limestone
	Bennett Shale Member
		1. Limestone, light brownish gray, microcrystalline matrix for clear calcitic brachiopod fragments, some limonite-lined vugs, hard, medium bedded, resistant	1.0
		2. Limestone, light brownish gray, microcrystalline to medium crystalline matrix for brachiopod fragments, similar to above but larger vugs, medium bedded	2.0
		3. Limestone, similar to above but few vugs, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for finely crystalline clear calcitic brachiopod fragments	1.0
		4. Limestone, similar to 2	1.0
Thickness Bennett Shale Member exposed			5.0
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone exposed			5.0

Sample			Thickness, feet
Burbank Section.--Near center sec. 25, T. 26 N., R. 5 E. In quarry just north of Highway 66, 1/2 mile east of Burbank, Osage County, Oklahoma (Fig. 23).
Roca Shale
		1. Shale, light yellowish gray brown, probably weathered from medium gray, calcareous, trace of dark-gray carbonaceous remains, some light-gray chalky lime nodules, silty?	1.0
		2. Shale, buff, weathered from medium gray, rare traces of carbonaceous grassy plant remains, ostracodes at random, gastropods cf. Anematina	1.0
		3. Mudstone, light brownish gray, round granules of crystalline limestone, off-black nodules and other possible shale detritus, calcareous	1.0
		4. Mudstone, light brownish gray, calcareous	1.0
		5. Mudstone, light yellowish to brownish gray, calcareous, moderately to poorly
		laminated	1.0
		6. Mudstone, light yellowish brown	1.0
		7. Mudstone, light pinkish gray, calcareous	1.0
		8. Mudstone, light pinkish gray, calcareous, chalky	1.0
		9. Mudstone, light pinkish gray, calcareous	1.0
		10. Mudstone, similar to above	1.0
		11. Mudstone, light brick red	1.0
		12. Mudstone, similar to above	1.0
		13. Mudstone, brick red	1.0
		14. Mudstone, medium to light brick red	1.0
		15. Mudstone, similar to above	1.0
		16. Mudstone, medium to dark brick red	1.0
		17. Mudstone, similar to above	1.0
		18. Mudstone, light greenish gray to olive green with some brick-red flecks, grading to brick-red mudstone, calcareous	0.2
		19. Mudstone, red and green as above with small light-gray chalky lime nodules, some greenish and brownish-red weathering	0.3
Thickness Roca Shale			17.5
Red Eagle Limestone
	Howe Limestone Member
		20. Limestone, light brownish gray, hard, thick to thin very irregular bedding, pitted, weathers light rusty to yellowish gray, microcrystalline to fine crystalline matrix for possible fossil fragments, trace wormy brick-red argillaceous stringers at random which probably yield pitting when weathered	0.5
		21. Limestone, medium to light brown and yellowish and grayish brown, brick-red stringers of argillaceous material similar to shale above, aphanitic to finely crystalline, trace of crinoid discs, weathers to light rusty yellow	0.5
		22. Limestone, similar to above with 50 percent brick-red argillaceous limestone stringers	1.0
		23. Limestone, similar to above	1.0
		24. Limestone, light brownish gray; microcrystalline matrix for traces of ostracodes, brachiopod fragments, and crinoid discs; some brick-red argillaceous limestone stringers, probably 22 and 23 were similar before weathering turned them yellow	1.0
Thickness Howe Limestone Member			4.0
	Bennett Shale Member
		25. Limestone, medium to light greenish gray, somewhat argillaceous, aphanitic to microcrystalline matrix for rare crinoid discs and brachiopod fragments, medium bedded, locally more or less argillaceous along beds, almost shaly in some places	1.0
		26. Limestone, similar to above, some small dark-brick-red wormy stringers, trace of coated shell fragments (Osagia?)	1.0
		27. Limestone, similar to above, large brachiopod fragments (Neospirifer?)	1.0
		28. Limestone, medium to light greenish gray, microcrystalline to aphanitic-argillaceous matrix for common crinoid discs, some discs single, some discs articulated, fairly soft, grades to harder laterally	1.0
		29. Limestone, similar to above but harder	1.0
		30. Limestone, similar to 28	1.0
		31. Limestone, light to medium greenish gray, fine grained to aphanitic matrix for common crinoid remains, rare brachiopod fragments and very rare fenestellate bryozoans with crude orientation parallel to bedding planes, hard	1.0
		32. Limestone, similar to above	1.0
		33. Limestone, light brownish gray, hard, microcrystalline matrix for fossils as above, stringers and intrabeds of shaly lime material and limy shale which grade in and out laterally, possibly linear algae, trace of fenestellate bryozoans	1.0
		34. Limestone, light brownish gray, hard, resistant, microcrystalline-aphanitic matrix for brachiopod fragments, more argillaceous interbeds	1.0
		35. Limestone, medium to light brownish gray, similar to above but slightly more argillaceous as in 31	1.0
		36. Limestone, similar to above, medium brownish gray, argillaceous aphanitic matrix with crinoid stems common in crude preferred orientation; grades in and out laterally into medium-gray very shaly laminated limestone with traces of brachiopod fragments, more argillaceous with shaly interbeds below this bed	1.5
		37. Limestone, similar to above	1.5
		38. Limestone, medium brownish gray, somewhat shaly, crudely laminated, similar to above, aphanitic	1.0
		39. Limestone, similar to above, some thin wavy dark-gray calcareous shale interbeds, contains productid spines, rare ostracodes, brachiopod fragments	1.0
		40. Limestone, similar to above	1.0
Thickness Bennett Shale Member exposed			17.0
Thickness Red Eagle Limestone exposed			21.0

Figure 23.--Columnar section, insoluble residues, and fossils of the Red Burbank section. An Acrobat PDF version of this figure is available.

section, bar chart of residues, and fossil listing.

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Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Updated March 28, 2007; originally published Dec. 1963.
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