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Soil Classification
Although soil profile descriptions provide the most detailed information about each soil (Olson, in press), a taxonomic classification (Soil Survey Staff, 1972b) has been made for all the soils of Kansas. This classification groups the soils into families with respect to particle size and mineralogy, among other things (Soil Survey Staff, 1972b). The classification is comprehensive and includes all soils in the nomenclature (Soil Survey Staff, 1970). The soil-family classification is particularly valuable for evaluating each soil's probable suitability for waste disposal, because particle size and clay mineralogy are categorized. The particle size groups, given for each soil in Kansas in Table 1 (pages 14-21), describe the general size of mineral particles (the "average" particle size of the several horizons or the particle size when soil layers are mixed up as in excavations) in the control section down to a depth of about one meter or to the top of hard layers or bedrock. For convenience in using Table 1, each type of bedrock is described as being "hard" if it cannot be dug up or ripped out with backhoes or other common excavating equipment. If the bedrock is listed as "rippable," it can be dug out without blasting in most places. Table 1 also lists the predominant clay mineralogy of each soil in Kansas; the soils with montmorillonitic clays have special problems because of shrinking and swelling when they are subjected to wetting and drying conditions. The montmorillonitic soils have special problems for engineering uses and are generally poor for trafficability of heavy construction equipment, especially when they are wet.
Figure 12--Weight percentages of sand, silt, and clay for classification in soil families (Adapted from Soil Survey Staff, 1970).
Particle size categories (Soil Survey Staff, 1970) for soil families in Table 1 are graphically illustrated in Figure 12; these groupings are general and apply to average or mixed soil horizons, not specific horizons as noted in a soil profile description (Olson, in press). Verbal descriptions (Soil Survey Staff, 1970) of the categories are as follows:
- Sandy-skeletal soils have 35 percent by volume particles coarser than 2 mm, with enough fine earth to fill interstices larger than 1 mm; the fraction finer than 2 mm is defined as sandy.
- Loamy-skeletal soils have 35 percent by volume fragments coarser than 2 mm, with enough fine earth to fill interstices larger than 1 mm; the fraction finer than 2 mm is defined as loamy.
- Clayey-skeletal soils have 35 percent by volume fragments coarser than 2 mm, with enough fine earth to fill interstices larger than 1 mm; the fraction finer than 2 mm is defined as clayey.
- Sandy soils have fine-earth textures, including sands (Olson, in press) and loamy sands, exclusive of loamy very fine sand and very fine sand textures; coarse fragments are less than 35 percent by volume.
- Loamy soils have the texture of fine earth which includes loamy very fine sand, very fine sand, and finer textures with less than 35 percent clay; coarse fragments are less than 35, percent by volume. Loamy soils are subdivided into coarse-loamy, fine-loamy, coarse-silty, and fine-silty categories (see Figure 12).
- Coarse-loamy soils have a loamy particle size that has 15 percent or more by weight of fine sand (0.25-0.1 mm) or coarser particles, including fragments up to 7.5 cm, and have less than 18 percent clay in the fine earth fraction.
- Fine-loamy soils have a loamy particle size that has 15 percent or more by weight of fine sand (0.25-0.1 mm) or coarser particles, including fragments up to 7.5 cm, and has 18 to 35 percent clay in the fine earth fraction.
- Coarse-silty soils have a loamy particle size that has less than 15 percent of fine sand (0.25-0.1 mm) or coarser particles, including fragments up to 7.5 cm, and has less than 18 percent clay in the fine earth fraction.
- Fine-silty soils have a loamy particle size that has less than 15 percent of fine sand (0.25-0.1 mm) or coarser particles, including fragments up to 7.5 cm, and has between 18 and 35 percent clay in the fine earth fraction.
- Clayey soils consist of the fine earth with 35 percent or more clay by weight and coarse fragments are less than 35 percent by volume. Clayey soils are subdivided into fine and very-fine soils (see Figure 12).
- Fine soils have a clayey particle size that has 35 to 60 percent clay in the fine earth fraction.
- Very-fine soils have a clayey particle size that has 60 percent or more clay in the fine earth fraction.
Notice should be made of those soils listed as carbonatic in Table 1; carbonates of clay size are not considered to be clay in this classification, but are treated as silt. Carbonatic soils have more than 40 percent by weight of carbonates (as CaCO3) and of gypsum, and the carbonates are more than 65 percent of the sum of carbonates and gypsum (Soil Survey Staff, 1970). Siliceous soils listed in Table 1 have more than 90 percent by weight of silica minerals (quartz, chalcedony, opal), and other extremely durable minerals that are resistant to weathering. Soils listed as having mixed mineralogy in Table 1 have less than 40 percent of any one mineral other than quartz. Montmorillonitic soils, which present some of the greatest problems for waste disposal (if other soil properties are also poor), have more than half montmorillonite and nontronite by weight, or have a mixture of clays with more montmorillonite than any other single clay mineral.
On the basis of soil-profile descriptions, made from pits in all soils in each survey area, soils of Kansas are classified also by drainage classes in Table 1. The drainage classes are based on the actual soil characteristics; thus mottles and gray colors in soils not well drained are recorded even during seasons when the soils may be dry. All soils not listed as well drained in Table 1 have mottles (spots of different colors) or gray colors indicating fluctuating or permanent water tables (called apparent water table or free water in soils). Wetter soils generally have mottles at shallower depths in the profile than better-drained soils. In this classification system excessively drained soils are driest (for example, soils of sand dunes), and very poorly drained soils are wettest (for example, soils of seep spots and swamps). This classification is based only on characteristics of the soil profile, so that soils flooded each year for brief periods may be classified as well drained if water does not stand in the profile long enough to produce soil oxygen deficiencies resulting in mottles or gray colors in the soils. Flooding characteristics of well-drained Kansas soils, however, are recorded elsewhere in Table 6 of this publication. Wetness problems, from the driest soils to the wettest soil profiles, are recorded in the following sequence in Table 1:
| Increasing wetness of Kansas soils |
 |
Excessively drained (driest; for example, soils on tops of sand dunes) |
| Somewhat excessively drained | ||
| Well drained | ||
| Moderately well drained | ||
| Somewhat poorly drained | ||
| Poorly drained | ||
| Very poorly drained (wettest; for example, some soils in bottoms of swamps) |
The soil-profile record of wetness in Table 1 is particularly valuable for waste-disposal planning, because many Kansas soils are wet in the early spring and dry in the late summer and fall. In general, the following soils have apparent water tables (free water) in their profiles at less than 30-inch depths for less than one month during most years, but the water drops below six feet during the dry part of the year: these intermittently wet soils include Butler, Carwile, Chariton, Chase, Cherokee, Crete, Dennis, Detlor, Doxie, Edina, Eram, Grundy, Hepler, Kenoma, Ladysmith, Lagonda, Leanna, Lightning, Martin, Mayberry, McCune, Muldrow, Parsons, Pawnee, Summit, Taloka, Tina, Waurika, and Woodson. Obviously, when the water table is highest in these soils, septic-tank seepage fields will not function below the apparent water table, and effluents emptying into the fluctuating water table are apt to contaminate ground-water supplies. Fluctuating water-table depths are indicated for most of the soils of Kansas in the last column of Table 1.
Soil permeability is also given in Table 1 for the control section in each soil of Kansas; permeability is that quality of soil that permits it to transmit sewage effluent. The rate is referred to as "saturated hydraulic conductivity" in soil physics, and is measured in the laboratory and field on soil cores under saturated conditions with a low head on water moving downward (Soil Survey Staff, 1971). The permeability, of course, is dependent upon soil characteristics including texture, structure, organic matter, clay mineralogy, and other factors. Where data are not available, permeability classes can be estimated with acceptable precision from the soil-profile descriptions. The permeability classes of soils of Kansas are:
| Very slow | < 0.06 in/hr | > 1,000 min/in |
| Slow | 0.06-0.2 in/hr | 1,000-300 min/in |
| Moderately slow | 0.2-0.6 in/hr | 300-100 min/in |
| Moderate | 0.6-2.0 in/hr | 100-30 min/in |
| Moderately rapid | 2.0-6.0 in/hr | 30-10 min/in |
| Rapid | 6.0-20 in/hr | 10-3 min/in |
| Very rapid | > 20 in/hr | < 3 min/in |
For comparison purposes, permeability rates in inches per hour on cores in soils of Kansas (Table 1) are also compared with percolation rates in minutes for water to drop one inch in presoaked auger holes in the soils. Data collected over many years show that permeability rates measured on soil cores are not absolutely comparable with water drop in auger holes in the same soils. Permeability rates on soil cores are conducted under much more carefully controlled conditions, and are subject to much less variability than are auger hole measurements; generally, measurements on saturated soil cores are slower than measurements in auger holes. Auger holes are also affected by apparent water tables, whereas measurements on soil cores in the laboratory are not affected by seasonal soil phenomena. Most soils in which percolation rates in auger holes are measured as slower than 60 minutes per inch for subsurface sewage disposal have been classified as 11 unsuitable" in the past; actual measurements in these soils are thus seldom recorded by contractors or public health officials. Pedologists, on the other hand, must characterize permeability rates in all soils; consequently they measure and record all rates, however slow they might be. Most soils of Kansas, of course, have permeability or percolation rates slower than 60 minutes per inch, so that special considerations must be given to septic-tank seepage field designs in them.
Table 1--Particle size characteristics and water relationships of soils of Kansas (Adapted from Soil Conservation Service classification of soil series of 1972, published soil survey reports, current official soil series descriptions, and other sources).
| Soil series name |
Related to swelling of soil when wet | Related to percolation and seasonal free water in soil profile | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General particle size grouping |
Predominant clay mineralogy |
Soil drainage class |
Permeability and water table |
|
| ABILENE | Fine | Mixed | Well drained | Slow to very slow |
| ALBION | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderately rapid |
| ALTUS | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate, water table at 8'-15'; may be at 2-1/2'in cool wet period |
| ANGELUS | Fine-silty | Carbonatic | Well drained | Moderate |
| ANSELMO | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| ARMO | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| ARMSTER | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained to well drained | Moderately slow |
| ATTICA | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Welt drained | Moderately rapid |
| BANKARD | Sandy | Mixed | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Rapid to very rapid |
| BARLANE | Fine-loamy over sandy to sandy skeletal | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| BASEHOR | Loamy over hard sandstone at 10"-20" | Siliceous | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| BATES | Fine-loamy over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" | Siliceous | Well drained | Moderate |
| BAXTER | Clayey | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| BAYARD | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| BENFIELD | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Slow |
| BETHANY | Fine | Mixed | Well drained | Slow |
| BIPPUS | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| BODINE | Loamy-skeletal | Siliceous | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Rapid to very rapid |
| BOEL | Sandy | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderately rapid to rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| BOGUE | Very fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Very slow |
| BOLIVAR | Fine-loamy over hard sandstone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| BOWDOIN | Very-fine | Montmorillonitic (calcareous) | Well drained to moderately well drained | Very slow |
| BREWER | Fine | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Slow |
| BRIDGEPORT | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| BROWNELL | Loamy-skeletal over hard limestone at 20"-40" | Carbonatic | Well drained | Moderate |
| BURCHARD | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| BUTLER | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| CAMPUS | Fine-loamy over rippable caliche at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| CANADIAN | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| CANLO,NL | Loamy over hard caliche at 10"-20" | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| CANYON | Loamy over rippable sandstone at 10"-20" | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderate |
| CAREY | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| CARLSON | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| CARR | Coarse-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate to rapid, water table at 6'+ except for brief periods |
| CARUSO | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained | Moderate to moderately slow, water table at 2'-8' seasonally, |
| CARWILE | Fine | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| CASE | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| CASS | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid, water table at 6'-10'+ seasonally |
| CATOOSA | Fine-silty over hard limestone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| CAWKER | Coarse-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| CHARITON | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| CHASE | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| CHEROKEE | Fine | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| CHURCH | Fine | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Very slow, water table at 5'-10'+ and 2'-3' in wet season |
| CLAIREMONT | Fine-silty | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderate |
| CLAREMORE | Loamy over hard limestone at 10"-20" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| CLARESON | Clayey-skeletal over hard limestone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate to slow |
| CLARK | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| CLEORA | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| CLINIE | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Slow to moderately slow to well drained |
| COLBY | Fine-silty | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderate to moderately slow |
| COLLINSVILLE | Loamy over hard sandstone at 10"-20" | Siliceous | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderately rapid |
| COLY | Fine-silty | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| CORBIN | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate to slow |
| CORINTH | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| COZAD | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| CRETE | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| CRISFIELD | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid, water table 6'+ except for brief periods |
| CROCKER | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate to rapid |
| DALE | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| DALHART | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| IDARNELL | Loamy over rippable sandstone at 10"-20" | Siliceous | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderately rapid |
| DEEPWATER | Fine-silty | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Moderate |
| DENNIS | Fine | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| DETLOR | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| DETROIT | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained to moderately well drained | Slow, water table greater than 8' usually |
| DILLWYN | Sandy | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Rapid, water table at 1'-5' seasonally |
| DOXIE | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| DRUMMOND | Fine | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 2'-10' seasonally |
| DWIGHT | Fine over hard cherty limestone at 40"+ | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Very slow |
| DWYER | Sandy | Mixed | Excessively drained | Very rapid |
| EDALGO | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Very slow |
| EDINA | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| ELKADER | Fine-silty over rippable shale at 40"+ | Carbonatic | Well drained | Moderate |
| ELMONT | Fine-silty over rippable shale at 40"+ | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| ELSMERE | Sandy | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| ELTREE | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| ENGLUND | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate to slow |
| ENTERPRISE | Coarse-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| ERAM | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| EUDORA | Coarse-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| FARNUM | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| FLORENCE | Clayey-skeletal over hard cherty limestone at 40"+ | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| GARA | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Moderately well drained to well drained | Moderately slow |
| GEARY | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| GERLANE | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Moderately well drained to well drained | Moderately rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| GEUDA | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Moderately well drained to well drained | Very slow |
| GIRARD | Fine over hard limestone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Poorly drained | Slow, water table at surface during wet season |
| GLENBERG | Coarse-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Rapid |
| GOESSEL | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained to well drained | Very slow |
| GOSHEN | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| GOSPORT | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Illitic | Moderately well drained | Very slow |
| GRABLE | Coarse-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal | Mixed | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderate to rapid, water table at 4'+ usually |
| GRANT | Fine-silty over rippable sandstone at 40"+ | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| GRIGSTON | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| GRUNDY | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| GYNIER | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| HALL | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| HARNEY | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| HASTINGS | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained to well drained | Moderately slow |
| HAYNIE | Coarse-silty | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate |
| HECTOR | Loamy over hard limestone at 10"-20" | Siliceous | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| HEDVILLE | Loamy over hard sandstone at 10"-20" | Mixed | Somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| HEIZER | Loamy-skeletal over hard limestone at 10"-20" | Carbonatic | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| HEPLER | Fine-silty | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderately slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| HOBBS | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate |
| HOLDER | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate to moderately slow |
| IIOLDREGE | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| IIORD | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate, water table at 10'-25' seasonally |
| HUMBARGER | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate |
| INAVALE | Sandy | Mixed | Somewhat excessively drained to excessively drained | Rapid, water table at 5'-10' |
| IRWIN | Fine over hard limestone at 40"+ | Mixed | Moderately well drained to well drained | Very slow |
| IVAN | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate, water table 6'+ except for brief periods |
| JUDSON | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate, water table 4'+ usually |
| KAHOLA | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| KANZA | Sandy | Mixed | Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained | Rapid, water table 1'-3' in cool season and 5'-7' in warm season |
| KASKI | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| KEITH | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| KENESAW | Coarse-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| KENNEBEC | Fine-silty | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Moderate, water table 3'+ usually |
| KENOMA | Fine over hard limestone or shale at 40"+ | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| KIM | Fine-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderate |
| KIMO | Clayey over loamy | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table 2'+ usually |
| KINGFISHER | Fine-silty over rippable redbeds at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| KINGMAN | Fine-silty | Mixed (calcareous) | Poorly drained to very poorly drained | Very slow, water table at surface to 4' seasonally |
| KIPSON | Loamy over rippable shale at 10"-20" | Mixed | Somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| KIRKLAND | Fine | Mixed | Well drained | Very slow |
| KNOX | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| KONAWA | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| LABETTE | Fine over hard limestone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Slow |
| LADOGA | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Moderately slow |
| LADYSMITH | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well to somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| LAGONDA | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| LAMO | Fine-silty | Mixed (calcareous) | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderately slow, water table 2'-5' seasonally |
| LANCASTER | Fine-loamy over rippable shale, sandstone, and ironstone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| LAS | Fine-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| LAS ANIMAS | Coarse-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained | Rapid, water table at 3'-4' seasonally |
| LEANNA | Fine | Mixed | Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| LESHARA | Fine-silty | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderate, water table at 3'-6' seasonally |
| LESHO | Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderately slow, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| LIGHTNING | Fine | Mixed | Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| LIKES | Sandy | Mixed | Excessively drained | Moderately rapid |
| LINCOLN | Sandy | Mixed | Somewhat excessively drained | Rapid, water table 5'-8' seasonally |
| LISMAS | Clayey over rippable shale at 5"-20" | Montmorillonitic (calcareous) | Well drained | Slow to very slow |
| LOCKHARD | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderate to moderately slow |
| LOFTON | Fine | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Very slow |
| LONGFORD | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| LUBBOCK | Fine | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| LUCIEN | Loamy over rippable sandstone at 10"-20" | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderately rapid |
| LULA | Fine-silty over hard limestone at 40"+ | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| MANDEVILLE | Fine-loamy over rippable shale at 20"-60" | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate |
| MANGUM | Fine | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained to moderately well drained | Very slow, water table at 5'+ seasonally |
| MANSIC | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| MANSKER | Fine-loamy | Carbonatic | Well drained | Moderate |
| MANTER | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Rapid |
| NIANVEL | Fine-silty | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderate to slow |
| MARSHALL | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| MARTIN | Fine over rippable shale at 40"+ | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| MASON | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| MATFIELD | Clayey-skeletal over hard cherty limestone at 60"+ | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderately rapid to very slow |
| MAYBERRY | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| McCUNE | Fine-silty | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| McLAIN | Fine | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Slow |
| MENFRO | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| MENTO | Fine over rippable chalk at 40"+ | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Slow |
| MILAN | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| MILLER | Fine | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Very slow |
| MINCO | Coarse-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| MINNEQUA | Fine-silty over rippable limestone and shale at 20"-40" | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderate |
| MISSLER | Fine | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| MONONA | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| MORRILL | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| MUIR | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| MULDROW | Fine | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| MUNJOR | Coarse-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderately rapid, water table 6'+ except for brief periods |
| NARON | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate to moderately rapid |
| NASH | Coarse-silty over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| NASHVILLE | Fine-silty over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| NESS | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Poorly drained (ponded) | Very slow, water table at surface seasonally |
| NEW CANIBRIA | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Slow |
| NEWTONIA | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| NIBSON | Loamy over rippable shale at 10"-20" | Carbonatic | Somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| NIOTAZE | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow |
| NODAWAY | Fine-silty | Mixed (nonacid) | Moderately well drained | Moderate |
| NORGE | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| NORWOOD | Fine-silty | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderate |
| NUCKOLLS | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained to excessively drained | Moderate |
| OAKWOOD | Fine-silty | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderately slow to slow, water table within 3' in wet season of most years |
| OKEMAH | Fine | Mixed | moderately well drained | Slow |
| OLMITZ | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate to moderately slow |
| OLPE | Clayey-skeletal | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Slow to very slow |
| ONANVA | Clayey over loamy | Montmorillonitic (calcareous) | Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained | Slow to moderately rapid, water table at 2'-4' seasonally |
| ORD | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderately rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| ORTELLO | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| OSAGE | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Poorly drained | Very slow, water table at or near surface seasonally |
| OSKA | Fine over hard limestone at 20"-40" | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Slow |
| OST | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| OTERO | Coarse-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Rapid |
| OWEGO | Fine | Montmorillonitic (calcareous) | Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at or near surface seasonally |
| OWENS | Clayey over rippable shale at 10"-20" | Mixed | Well drained | Very slow |
| PARSONS | Fine | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| PAWNEE | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained to moderately well drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| PENDEN | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate to moderately slow |
| PENROSE | Loamy over hard limestone at 10"-20" | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderate to slow |
| PLATTE | Sandy | Mixed | Poorly drained to somewhat poorly drained | Moderate to very rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| PLEASANT | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained to moderately well drained | Slow to very slow |
| PLEVNA | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Poorly drained | Moderately rapid, water table at 1'-4' seasonally |
| POND CREEK | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| PORT | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| POTTER | Loamy over rippable caliche at 10"-20" | Carbonatic | Well drained | Moderate |
| PRATT | Sandy | Mixed | Well drained | Rapid |
| PROMISE | Very-fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Slow and very slow |
| QUINLAN | Loamy over sandstone at 10"-20" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| RADLEY | Fine-silty | Mixed | Moderately Slow drained | Moderate, water table 5'+ seasonally |
| RANDALL | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained (ponded) | Very slow, water table at surface seasonally |
| READING | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| REINACH | Coarse-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| RENFROW | Fine | Mixed | Well drained | Very slow |
| RICHFIELD | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| RINGO | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Very slow |
| RIVERTON | Loamy-skeletal | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| ROSEHILL | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Very slow |
| ROXBURY | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate, water table at 6'+ except for brief periods |
| RUELLA | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| RYUS | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Slow |
| SARPY | Sandy | Mixed | Excessively drained | Very rapid |
| SATANTA | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| SHARPSBURG | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Moderately slow |
| SHELBY | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Moderately slow |
| SHELLABARGER | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| SIBLEYVILLE | Fine-loamy over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| SMOLAN | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained to well drained | Slow |
| SOGN | Loamy over hard limestone at 10"-20" | Mixed | Somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| SOLOMON | Fine | Montmorillonitic (calcareous) | Poorly drained | Very slow, water table above 4' in spring |
| SPEARVILLE | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained to moderately well drained | Slow |
| STEEDMAN | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Montmorillonitic | Well drained to moderately well drained | Slow |
| STEINAUER | Fine-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderate |
| STEPHENVILLE | Fine-loamy over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" | Siliceous | Well drained | Moderate |
| SUMMIT | Fine over rippable shale at 40"+ | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| SUTPHEN | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained | Very slow |
| SWEETWATER | Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy skeletal | Mixed (calcareous) | Poorly drained | Moderately slow, water table at 1'-3' seasonally |
| TABLER | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Very slow |
| TALIHINA | Clayey over rippable shale at 10"-20" | Mixed | Well drained | Slow |
| TALOKA | Fine | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| THURMAN | Sandy | Mixed | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Rapid |
| TIMKEN | Clayey over rippable shale at 10"-20" | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained | Very slow |
| TINA | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained | Slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| TIPTON | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| TIVOLI | Sandy | Mixed | Excessively drained | Rapid |
| TOBIN | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained to moderately well drained | Moderate, water table 6'+ except for brief periods |
| TRAVESSILLA | Loamy over hard sandstone at 10"-20" | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderate to moderately rapid |
| TULLY | Fine | Mixed | Well drained | Slow |
| ULY | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| ULYSSES | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| VALENTINE | Sandy | Mixed | Excessively drained | Rapid |
| VANOSS | Fine-silty | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| VERDIGRIS | Fine-silty | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Moderate |
| VERNON | Fine over rippable shale at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Very slow |
| VINLAND | Loamy over rippable shale at 10"-20" | Mixed | Somewhat excessively drained | Moderate |
| VONA | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Well drained to somewhat excessively drained | Rapid |
| WABASII | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Very poorly drained | Very slow, water table at or near surface seasonally |
| WAKEEN | Fine-silty over rippable shale or limestone at 20"-40" | Carbonatic | Well drained | Moderate |
| WALDECK | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderately rapid, water table at 2'-8' seasonally |
| WANN | Coarse-loamy | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained | Moderately rapid, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| WAURIKA | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| WELDA | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Well drained | Moderately slow |
| WINDTHORST | Fine over rippable sandstone at 40"+ | Mixed | Moderately well drained | Moderately slow |
| WOODSON | Fine | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Very slow, water table at 30"-6'+ seasonally |
| WOODWARD | Coarse-silty over rippable sandstone at 20"-40" | Mixed | Well drained | Moderate |
| WYNIORE | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Moderately well drained to well drained | Slow |
| YAHOLA | Coarse-loamy | Mixed (calcareous) | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| ZAAR | Fine over rippable shale at 40"+ | Montmorillonitic | Somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained | Very slow |
| ZAVALA | Coarse-loamy | Mixed (nonacid) | Well drained | Moderately rapid |
| ZENDA | Fine-loamy | Mixed | Somewhat poorly drained | Moderate, water table at 2'-6' seasonally |
| ZOOK | Fine | Montmorillonitic | Poorly drained | Slow to very slow, water table at 1'-3' seasonally |
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Kansas Geological Survey, Geology
Placed on web Aug. 7, 2009; originally published March 1974.
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