Conclusions
- A build-and-fill sequence is formed during a single sea-level cycle to produce a thin, widespread sequence with complex internal architecture.
- The sequences develop from glacioeustatic high-frequency, high-amplitude sea-level fluctuations when carbonate production is not optimal.
- They form in the build-and-fill zone, in middle ramp/shelf settings that lie between highstand and lowstand positions. Mid-ramp/shelf settings are subjected to the most rapid rates of rises and falls.
- Many shallow-water carbonate facies, such as phylloid algal and oolitic facies, fill low areas rather than building relief on highs. These typically form during sea-level falls and smooth topography because of accomodation limitations.
- Relief building carbonates include coral reefs, thrombolites, phylloid algal facies, and grainstone facies. These typically form in underfilled accomodation during sea level rise.
- Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Upper Miocene examples illustrate that the build and fill character of sequences is a response to sea-level position over paleotopography, water energy, water quality, and location of siliciclastic depocenters.
References
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