| # HELP: Load Previous DST Session Log ASCII Standard (LAS) File, versions 2.0 & 3.0 |

## Importing an LAS file

## Preamble

The LAS (Log ASCII Standard) is rapidly becoming the accepted industry standard for electronic transmission of digital wireline logs. Earlier digital formats were commonly coded in binary (such as LIS) and so required specialized software to read them. The LAS standard was introduced by the Canadian Well Logging Society(1) in 1989 to standardize the organization of digital log curve information for personal computer users. It did this very successfully and the standard became popular worldwide. Version 1.2 was the first version and followed in September 1992 by version 2.0 to address some inconsistencies. A more versatile version LAS 3.0 was released in 1999 however at present LAS 2.0 remains the dominant product. LAS 3.0 clarifies several of the poorly defined specifications of LAS 2.0 and provides expanded data storage capabilities, but has seen limited implementation.

This program will read either a Log ASCII Standard (LAS) version 2.0 or 3.0 files and version 1.2 but the Well Information Section is backward in data definition.

The sections defined for the LAS 2.0 standard are as follows (see reference below for the complete document):

- "~V" (also known as "~VERSION INFORMATION SECTION") is a required section; has formatting requirements; must be the first section; identifies the version number and whether data is in "wrapped" or "un-wrapped" mode.
- "~W" (also known as "WELL INFORMATION SECTION") is a required section; has formatting requirements; is preferably the second section; contains information on the well name, location, and start and stop values of the data in this file.
- "~C" (also known as ~CURVE INFORMATION SECTION") is a required section; has formatting requirements; contains curve mnemonics and their definitions in the order that they appear in the data section.
- "~P" (also known as ~PARAMETER INFORMATION SECTION") is an optional section; has formatting requirements; contains information on parameters or constants relevant to the wellbore such as mud resistivity, wireline engineer, truck number, elevation data, etc.
- "~O" (also known as "~OTHER") is an optional section; has no formatting requirements; contains other information or comments.
- "~A" (also known as ~ASCII LOG DATA") is a required section; has formatting requirements; is the last section in the file and also referred to as the data section. The index of the data columns is either Depth or Time. The index values always appear in the first column and each column of data must be separated by at least one space (ASCII 32). All values in the ASCII log data section must be floating point or integer (long) values. Other formats such as Text or Exponential values are not supported.

LAS 3.0 (see reference below for the complete document) will be used to save the PfEFFER Session since it can hold all the well data in one file. You can even think of LAS 2.0 as a subset of LAS 3.0 since the LAS 2.0 is only concerned with the LOG Data.

The ~Version and ~Well sections must appear in every LAS 3.0 file as the first and second sections respectively.

Other sections are grouped by data type. Each group consists of two or three sections; a Parameter Data section (optional for all but Log data), a Column Definition section, and a Column Data section, in that order.

For example, core analysis data would have the following three sections:

~Core_Parameter
~Core_Definition
~Core_Data.

At least one group or data type of either the defined LAS 3.0 data types or a user defined type must exist in every LAS 3.0 file.

The Column Definition and the Column Data sections for each data type are matched sets and must both appear in that order. The corresponding Parameter Data section is optional (except for Log data), but if used must appear before it's corresponding Column Definition Section.

LAS 3.0 defines six specific well related data types and their root Section Title names. They are:

~Ascii or ~Log
~Core
~Inclinometry
~Drilling
~Tops
~Test

Additional data types can be defined by the user and content rules discussed elsewhere in the document may define other section titles.

Stand alone user defined Parameter Data sections can be included. Care must be taken to use standalone Parameter Data sections only when the data contained does not fit into any of the other defined data types.

When used, the section order of each set of the three sections for each data type must be Parameter, Definition, then Data.

Blank lines and comment lines can appear within Column Data sections, but can only appear BEFORE the first Column Data line of that section, or after the LAST Column Data line of that section.

The names of each channel can optionally appear above each channel as a comment line immediately before, after or on the section title line of that section if space allows.

Note: Do not use the ~Other section recognized by LAS ver 2.0. It is no longer allowed in LAS 3.0. Any data that can be stored in such a section, must now be stored properly in a user defined Parameter Data or Column Data section.

## Reading and importing LAS file

This help will focus on loading a LAS file from the user's PC only at this time.

Select the LAS File Icon Button in the PC (ASCII Data Files) Panel.

The "Select LAS File form your PC" Dialog will appear.

Select the Wellington_KGS-1-32-wDST2.las file and then select the "Open" Button to import the LAS file into the program.
NOTE: The program assumes that you are reading a LAS file type so the extension should be ".las", but the program does not care if there is an extension, only that the file is a valid LAS file type.

The "LAS File Curve Selection" displays all the contents of the data sections in the Log ASCII Standard (LAS) version 3.0 file. A LAS version 2.0 file only has "~Log Definition" section displayed. The "X" column identifies which curve are recognized by the DST Program as valid curve types. The user only needs to check or uncheck the box to include or not include in the log data. The program will not allow you to select the same curve type more than once. The "MNEM" column represents the curve mnemonics for the LAS file, there are 31 "KGS" Standard Tool Types the user can select from, but if a "?" is present the program does not recognize the mnemonic in the LAS File. The user can select the button with the "?" to select a "KGS" Standard Curve from the KGS Standard Mnemonics Table to represent the mnemonic that was in the LAS File. The colored boxes around the check boxes are a visual aid, i.e. orange is resistivity curves, blue is porosity curves, green is density, dark green is sonic, radioactive curve types are red, etc.

This program is focused on Drill Stem Test Data and is located with the Section labeled as "~Test_...". If "~Test_..." is present then there is DST data as part of the LAS File or a previous session. At the present time there are no standard ASCII files for DST Data. This program is presently the only method for loading the data into a standard ASCII file format. Select the "Continue" Button.

The data is read from the LAS 3.0 File where the Well Header Information & Drill Stem Test (DST) Data are loaded into the DST Data Entry Dialog.

REFERENCE:
(1) Canadian Well Logging Society, LAS - Log ASCII Standard http://www.cwls.org/las_info.php

- LAS Version 2.0: Update July 2009 http://www.cwls.org/docs/las_20_updated_july2009
- LAS Version 3.0 (Adobe Acrobat File) http://www.cwls.org/docs/LAS_3_File_Structure.PDF

Author: John R. Victorine jvictor@kgs.ku.edu