Kansas Geological Survey, Current Research in Earth Sciences, Bulletin 247, part 1
Modeling Dielectric-constant Values of Geologic Materials: An Aid to Ground-penetrating Radar Data Collection and Interpretation--Fig. 2

Fig. 2. TP-modeled bulk dielectric constants for (A) X_m = 4.5 (quartz) and (B) X_m = 8.5 (calcite), with porosities ranging from 0% to 50% and water saturations ranging from 0% to 100%. At low water saturations, bulk dielectric constant values decrease slowly with increasing porosity due to the increased influence of air ( = 1), which has a dielectric constant near that of common earth materials ( 4-12). At high water saturations, bulk dielectric constant values increase rapidly with increasing porosity due to the increased influence of the high dielectric constant of water ( = 81).