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Chemical Character of Ground Water
The general chemical character of the ground waters in the alluvium of the Kansas and Missouri River Valleys in and adjacent to Kansas City, Kansas, is shown in Table 5 by the analyses of water from 23 wells and 50 test holes distributed as. uniformly as practicable within the area. Included in the table are analyses of one sample from a public water supply (Bonner Springs) and one sample of water collected from the Missouri River during the pumping test on well 16 by the Corps of Engineers. The samples of water were analyzed by Howard A. Stoltenberg, chemist, in the Water and Sewage Laboratory of the Kansas State. Board of Health.
The analyses of water given in Table 5 indicate only the amounts of dissolved mineral matter in the water and do not indicate the sanitary quality of the water. It is assumed that in Kansas City ground water will be used only for industrial purposes and the following discussion is based on that assumption. The packing companies are prohibited from using the water for any purpose for which it might come in contact with the meat.
An analysis of a typical water from four of the districts (Fairfax, Central, Argentine, and valley area west of Kansas City) is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8--Analyses of typical ground waters from four industrial districts considered in this report.
Table 5--Analyses of water from wells and test holes in, the alluvium of the Kansas and Missouri River Valleys in the Kansas City, Kansas, area Analyzed by H. A. Stoltenberg. Dissolved constituents given in parts per milliona, and (in italics) in equivalents per millionb.
No. on Plate 1 |
Owner | Location | Depth (feet) |
Date of collection |
Temp. (°F) |
Iron (Fe) |
Calcium (Ca) |
Magnesium (Mg) |
Sodium and potassium (Na+K) (c) |
Bicar- bonate (HCO3) |
Sulfate (SO4) |
Chloride (Cl) |
Fluoride (F) |
Nitrate (NO3) |
pH | Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
Total dissolved solids (c) |
Hardness (calculated as CaCO3) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Carbonate | Non- carbonate |
||||||||||||||||||
T. 10 S., R. 25 E. | ||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Test hole | SE cor. NE NE sec. 28 | 104 | Aug. 15, 1944 | 56 | 7.5 | 95 4.74 |
22 1.81 |
40 1.76 |
349 5.72 |
100 2.08 |
16 .45 |
0.3 .02 |
2.2 .04 |
458 | 328 | 286 | 42 | ||
9 | Test hole | NE SE NE sec. 28 | 124 | Aug. 14, 1944 | 57 | 6.4 | 96 4.79 |
22 1.81 |
34 1.48 |
365 5.99 |
82 1.70 |
12 .34 |
0.2 .01 |
2.2 .04 |
437 | 330 | 300 | 30 | ||
10 | Test hole | SW cor. NW sec. 27 | 115 | Aug. 11, 1944 | 60 | 9.7 | 134 6.69 |
32 2.63 |
37 2.63 |
458 7.51 |
137 2.85 |
19 .54 |
0.2 .01 |
2.5 .04 |
600 | 466 | 376 | 90 | ||
11 | Test hole | SW cor. NW SW sec. 27 | 102 | Aug. 10, 1944 | 58 | 18.0 | 141 7.04 |
36 2.96 |
19 .81 |
495 8.12 |
97 2.02 |
22 .62 |
0.1 .01 |
2.3 .04 |
583 | 500 | 406 | 94 | ||
12 | Test hole | NW cor. SW SW SW sec.27 | 105 | Aug. 3, 1944 | 62 | 6.8 | 140 6.99 |
35 2.88 |
41 1.78 |
478 7.84 |
142 2.95 |
29 .82 |
0.2 .01 |
2.1 .03 |
635 | 494 | 392 | 102 | ||
13 | Test hole | NW NW NW sec. 34 | 87 | Aug. 9, 1944 | 58 | 18.0 | 183 9.13 |
40 3.29 |
36 1.55 |
575 9.43 |
130 2.70 |
64 1.80 |
0.1 .01 |
2.1 .03 |
761 | 621 | 472 | 149 | ||
14 | Test hole | NW NW NW sec. 34 | 82 | July 29, 1944 | 58 | 24.0 | 207 10.33 |
42 3.45 |
28 1.22 |
527 8.64 |
211 4.39 |
68 1.92 |
0.2 .01 |
2.8 .04 |
846 | 689 | 432 | 257 | ||
16 | Test hole | NW NW sec. 27 | 95.5 | Jan. 24, 1944 | 53 | 9.2 | 96 4.79 |
24 1.97 |
35 1.51 |
309 5.07 |
127 2.64 |
18 .51 |
0.3 .02 |
2.1 .03 |
466 | 338 | 254 | 84 | ||
16 | Test hole | NW NW sec. 27 | 95.5 | Feb. 2, 1944 | 53 | 12.0 | 118 5.89 |
28 2.30 |
35 1.51 |
342 5.61 |
168 3.49 |
20 .56 |
0.3 .02 |
2.5 .04 |
555 | 410 | 280 | 130 | ||
16 | Test hole | NW NW sec. 27 | 95.5 | Feb. 18, 1944 | 53 | 8.3 | 94 4.69 |
23 1.89 |
34 1.49 |
318 5.22 |
115 2.39 |
15 .42 |
0.3 .02 |
1.3 .02 |
450 | 329 | 261 | 68 | ||
Missouri river | NW NW sec. 27 | Jan. 24, 1944 | 34 | 86 4.29 |
33 2.71 |
70 3.04 |
250 4.10 |
245 5.10 |
25 .70 |
1.0 .05 |
5.8 .09 |
591 | 350 | 205 | 145 | |||||
17 | North American Aviation Co. | NE NW sec. 27 | 105 | Nov. 2, 1943 | 56 | 12 | 115 5.74 |
31 2.55 |
22 .98 |
427 7.00 |
91 1.89 |
12 .34 |
0.2 .01 |
1.8 .03 |
6.9 | 75 | 498 | 414 | 350 | 64 |
25 | Milk Producers Marketing Co. | NW SE sec. 27 | Oct. 14, 1943 | 58 | 17 | 161 8.03 |
44 3.62 |
34 1.49 |
637 10.45 |
59 1.23 |
50 1.41 |
0.1 .01 |
2.5 .04 |
6.9 | 116 | 686 | 582 | 522 | 60 | |
26 | Freuhauf Trailer Co. | SW SE sec. 27 | 73.2 | Nov. 23, 1943 | 19 | 168 8.38 |
45 3.70 |
14 .62 |
617 10.12 |
99 2.06 |
17 .48 |
0.1 .01 |
1.8 .03 |
672 | 604 | 506 | 98 | |||
8 | Aircraft Accessories Corp. | NW NE sec. 34 | Nov. 23, 1943 | 52 | 16 | 153 7.63 |
41 3.37 |
9.9 .43 |
614 10.07 |
46 .96 |
13 .37 |
0.1 .01 |
1.5 .02 |
588 | 550 | 504 | 46 | |||
32 | Modification Center | NW NW sec. 35 | 85.3 | Nov. 23, 1943 | 57 | 19 | 150 7.48 |
42 3.45 |
25 1.09 |
680 11.15 |
24 .50 |
12 .34 |
0.2 .01 |
1.5 .02 |
614 | 680 | 24 | 12 | ||
34 | Sealbright Co., Inc. | SW NE sec. 34 | 60 | Nov. 2, 1943 | 60 | 14 | 194 9.68 |
54 4.44 |
20 .87 |
644 10.56 |
174 3.62 |
27 .76 |
0.1 .01 |
2.2 .04 |
7.0 | 90 | 807 | 706 | 528 | 178 |
35 | Test hole | NE NE SW sec. 34 | 35.5 | Aug. 4, 1944 | 59 | 205 10.23 |
44 3.62 |
35 1.52 |
456 7.48 |
291 6.05 |
63 1.78 |
0.3 .02 |
2.3 .04 |
869 | 692 | 374 | 318 | |||
36 | Test hole | NW NW SE sec. 34 | 71 | Aug. 8, 1944 | 58 | 11 | 252 12.57 |
65 5.34 |
39 1.71 |
473 7.76 |
493 10.25 |
55 1.55 |
0.3 .02 |
2.7 .04 |
1,154 | 473 | 493 | 55 | ||
37 | Test hole | NW NE SE sec. 34 | 77 | Aug. 7, 1944 | 57 | 14 | 174 8.68 |
47 3.86 |
22 .98 |
548 8.99 |
152 3.16 |
47 1.32 |
0.1 .01 |
2.4 .04 |
732 | 627 | 450 | 177 | ||
39 | Test hole | SW NW NW sec. 34 | 88 | Aug. 21, 1944 | 58 | 8.2 | 129 6.44 |
42 3.45 |
20 .89 |
583 9.56 |
37 .77 |
15 .42 |
0.1 .01 |
1.3 .02 |
544 | 494 | 478 | 16 | ||
40 | Test hole | SE NW NW sec. 22 | 89 | Aug. 19, 1944 | 60 | 11 | 131 6.54 |
43 3.53 |
27 1.18 |
655 10.74 |
7.8 .16 |
11 .31 |
0.1 .01 |
1.9 .03 |
560 | 504 | 504e | 0 | ||
41 | Test hole | SE NE NW sec. 22 | 89 | Aug. 19, 1944 | 59 | 8.0 | 105 5.24 |
28 2.30 |
34 1.49 |
429 7.04 |
72 1.50 |
16 .45 |
0.2 .01 |
2.0 .03 |
480 | 377 | 352 | 25 | ||
T. 11 S., R. 25 E. | ||||||||||||||||||||
69 | Federal Cold Storage Co. | SW SW sec. 2 | 100 | Nov. 2, 1943 | 64 | 8.3 | 96 4.79 |
28 2.30 |
46 2.00 |
320 5.25 |
150 3.12 |
24 .68 |
0.3 .02 |
1.5 .02 |
7.0 | 39 | 514 | 354 | 262 | 92 |
78 | Kansas City Dressed Beef Co. | SE SE sec. 10 | 77.5 | Nov. 2, 1943 | 61 | 20 | 293 14.62 |
46 3.78 |
1148 49.94 |
673 11.04 |
308 6.41 |
1780 50.20 |
0.2 .01 |
42 .68 |
7.0 | 95 | 3,974 | 920 | 652 | 368 |
79 | National Laboratories Corp. | SE SE sec. 10 | Nov. 23, 1943 | 14 | 348 17.36 |
42 3.45 |
471 20.49 |
748 12.27 |
507 10.54 |
605 17.06 |
0.2 .01 |
88 1.42 |
2,449 | 1,040 | 614 | 426 | ||||
80 | Maurer Packing Co. | SW SW sec. 11 | Nov. 23, 1943 | 61 | 10 | 169 8.43 |
25 2.06 |
1395 60.70 |
786 12.89 |
167 3.47 |
1920 54.14 |
0.2 .01 |
42 .68 |
4,121 | 524 | 524f | 0 | |||
81 | Meyer Kornblum Packing Co. | SE SE sec. 10 | 67 | Nov. 2, 1943 | 58 | .20 | 239 11.93 |
47 3.86 |
256 11.12 |
849 13.92 |
89 1.85 |
391 11.03 |
0.0 .00 |
6.6 .11 |
7.0 | 117 | 1,473 | 790 | 696 | 94 |
85 | Test hole | SE SW SE sec. 10 | 69 | July 24, 1944 | 61 | 12 | 189 9.43 |
31 2.55 |
644 28.03 |
644 10.56 |
116 2.41 |
965 29.93 |
0.2 .01 |
6.2 .10 |
2,275 | 599 | 528 | 71 | ||
86 | Test hole | SE SE SE sec. 10 | 77 | July 24, 1944 | 61 | 19 | 274 13.67 |
41 3.37 |
1297 56.43 |
705 11.56 |
194 4.04 |
2045 57.67 |
0.2 .01 |
12 .19 |
4,235 | 852 | 578 | 274 | ||
87 | Test hole | SW SW SW sec. 11 | 68 | July 28, 1944 | 62 | 15 | 286 14.27 |
47 3.86 |
2469 107.41 |
562 9.22 |
191 3.97 |
3980 112.24 |
0.2 .01 |
6.2 .10 |
7,275 | 906 | 461 | 445 | ||
88 | Test hole | SW NW sec. 6 | 79 | July 26, 1944 | 61 | 22 | 442 22.06 |
81 6.66 |
878 38.20 |
532 8.72 |
462 9.61 |
1720 48.50 |
0.2 .01 |
5.3 .08 |
3,876 | 1,436 | 436 | 1,000 | ||
92 | Swift and Co. | SW SE sec. 15 | 80 | Nov. 22, 1943 | 60 | 13 | 183 9.13 |
27 2.22 |
370 16.11 |
600 9.84 |
121 2.52 |
525 14.80 |
0.2 .01 |
18 .29 |
1,557 | 568 | 492 | 76 | ||
95 | Standard Rendering Co. | NE NE sec. 22. | Oct. 14, 1943 | 65 | 4 | 117 5.84 |
21 1.73 |
202 8.80 |
523 8.58 |
40 .83 |
234 6.60 |
0.2 .01 |
22 .35 |
7.3 | 28 | 902 | 378 | 378g | 0 | |
96 | Sambol Packing Co. | NE NE sec. 22 | Oct. 14, 1943 | .81 | 82 4.09 |
15 1.23 |
88 3.82 |
34 5.718 |
36 .75 |
89 2.51 |
0.3 .02 |
9.3 .15 |
7.5 | 13 | 494 | 266 | 266h | 0 | ||
97 | Test hole | NW SW SE sec. 15 | 68 | July 19, 1944 | 60 | 27 | 359 17.91 |
39 3.21 |
91 3.97 |
506 8.30 |
640 13.31 |
122 3.44 |
0.2 .01 |
2.1 .03 |
1,533 | 1,056 | 415 | 641 | ||
98 | Test hole | SE SW SE sec. 15 | 68 | July 19, 1944 | 60 | 32 | 366 18.26 |
33 2.71 |
67 2.93 |
544 8.92 |
602 12.52 |
86 2.42 |
0.2 .01 |
2.0 .03 |
1,460 | 1,048 | 446 | 602 | ||
99 | Test hole | NE cor. NW NE sec. 22 | 72 | July 20, 1944 | 61 | 17 | 228 11.38 |
22 1.81 |
100 4.33 |
460 7.54 |
314 6.53 |
121 3.41 |
0.2 .01 |
2.0 .03 |
1,034 | 660 | 377 | 283 | ||
100 | Test hole | SE NE NE sec. 22 | 77 | July 20, 1944 | 64 | 2.7 | 68 3.39 |
18 1.48 |
201 8.74 |
472 7.74 |
48 1.00 |
170 4.79 |
0.2 .01 |
4.4 .07 |
748 | 244 | 244i | 0 | ||
101 | Test hole | NW SW NW sec. 23 | 98 | July 21, 1944 | 61 | 5.1 | 284 14.17 |
38 3.12 |
94 4.09 |
499 8.18 |
404 8.40 |
168 4.74 |
0.2 .01 |
3.0 .05 |
1,246 | 864 | 409 | 465 | ||
105 | Wilson and Co. | SW NE sec. 22 | Nov. 23, 1943 | 7.1 | 158 7.88 |
26 2.14 |
240 10.46 |
437 7.17 |
156 3.24 |
350 9.87 |
0.2 .01 |
12 .19 |
1,168 | 501 | 358 | 143 | ||||
108 | Midwest Cold Storage Co. | NE SW sec. 22 | 93.5 | 59 | 3.7 | 105 5.24 |
22 1.81 |
62 2.68 |
364 5.97 |
43 .89 |
100 2.82 |
0.2 .01 |
2.2 .04 |
7.1 | 29 | 520 | 352 | 298 | 64 | |
111 | Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Co. | NW NW sec. 21 | Oct. 14, 1943 | 61 | 21 | 399 19.91 |
35 2.88 |
129 5.62 |
595 9.76 |
650 13.52 |
180 5.08 |
0.2 .01 |
2.2 .04 |
6.8 | 168 | 1,714 | 1,140 | 488 | 652 | |
117 | Test hole | SE SW SW sec. 16 | 65 | July 18, 1944 | 63 | 32 | 438 21.86 |
47 3.86 |
156 6.79 |
498 8.17 |
815 16.95 |
260 7.33 |
0.3 .02 |
2.6 .04 |
2,000 | 1,286 | 408 | 878 | ||
118 | Test hole | NW cor. sec. 21 | 68 | July 17, 1944 | 62 | 17 | 276 13.77 |
36 2.96 |
78 3.37 |
416 6.82 |
487 10.13 |
110 3.10 |
0.2 .01 |
2.2 .04 |
1,214 | 836 | 341 | 495 | ||
119 | Test hole | SE NE NE sec. 20 | 78 | July 15, 1944 | 62 | 5.6 | 114 5.69 |
17 1.40 |
55 2.41 |
361 5.92 |
109 2.27 |
45 1.27 |
0.2 .01 |
2.0 .03 |
528 | 364 | 296 | 58 | ||
120 | Test hole | NW SE NE sec. 20 | 78 | July 10, 1944 | 61 | 2.2 | 73 3.64 |
11 .90 |
45 1.95 |
256 4.20 |
80 1.66 |
21 .59 |
0.2 .01 |
1.8 .03 |
362 | 227 | 210 | 17 | ||
121 | Test hole | NE NW SE sec. 20 | 68 | July 29, 1944 | 64 | 9.2 | 278 13.87 |
31 2.55 |
146 6.37 |
411 6.74 |
545 11.34 |
166 4.68 |
0.2 .01 |
1.3 .02 |
1,382 | 821 | 337 | 484 | ||
123 | Test hole | SW SW SE sec. 20 | 72 | July 7, 1944 | 59 | 25 | 229 11.43 |
33 2.71 |
489 21.26 |
366 6.00 |
312 6.49 |
810 22.84 |
0.1 .01 |
3.6 .06 |
2,085 | 707 | 300 | 407 | ||
129 | Proctor and Gamble Manuf'g Co. | SE SE sec. 17 | 76 | Nov. 2, 1943 | 61 | 8.4 | 146 7.28 |
23 1.89 |
63 2.74 |
442 7.25 |
126 2.62 |
71 2.00 |
0.2 .01 |
2.1 .03 |
7.0 | 64 | 661 | 458 | 362 | 96 |
131 | Sinclair Refining Co. | NW NW sec. 20 | Oct. 14, 1943 | 15 | 212 10.58 |
24 1.97 |
30 1.30 |
492 8.07 |
216 4.49 |
44 1.24 |
0.3 .02 |
2.0 .03 |
6.8 | 122 | 789 | 628 | 404 | 224 | ||
133 | Sinclair Refining Co. | NE NW sec. 20 | 70 | Oct. 14, 1943 | 416 | 461 23.00 |
97 7.97 |
311 13.54 |
814 13.55 |
1271 26.44 |
164 4.62 |
0.5 .03 |
4.2 .07 |
6.1 | 3,132 | 1,548 | 668 | 880 | ||
T. 11 S., R. 24 E. | ||||||||||||||||||||
139 | Test hole | NW SE sec. 21 | 61 | June 20, 1944 | 61 | 16 | 138 6.89 |
12 .99 |
26 1.11 |
337 5.53 |
128 2.66 |
27 .76 |
0.1 .01 |
1.7 .03 |
517 | 394 | 276 | 118 | ||
140 | Test hole | NW SE sec. 21 | 74 | June 15, 1944 | 11 | 126 6.29 |
13 1.07 |
24 1.06 |
334 5.48 |
87 1.81 |
39 1.10 |
0.1 .01 |
1.2 .02 |
468 | 368 | 274 | 94 | |||
141 | Test hole | SW SW sec. 22 | 54.5 | June 16, 1944 | 8.6 | 133 6.64 |
11 .90 |
9.9 .43 |
351 5.76 |
88 1.83 |
12 .34 |
0.1 .01 |
1.7 .03 |
440 | 377 | 288 | 89 | |||
142 | Test hole | SW SW sec. 22 | 55 | July 5, 1944 | 60 | 2.8 | 74 3.69 |
16 1.32 |
51 2.22 |
266 4.36 |
116 2.41 |
15 .42 |
0.2 .01 |
1.8 .03 |
410 | 250 | 218 | 32 | ||
143 | Test hole | SW SW sec. 22 | 67.5 | June 16, 1944 | 14 | 145 7.24 |
12 .99 |
4.8 .21 |
377 6.18 |
91 1.89 |
12 .34 |
0.1 .01 |
1.3 .02 |
469 | 412 | 309 | 103 | |||
144 | Test hole | NE NW sec. 27 | 76 | June 17, 1944 | 59 | 15 | 288 14.37 |
22 1.81 |
18 .79 |
338 5.54 |
533 11.09 |
10 .28 |
0.3 .02 |
2.4 .04 |
1,058 | 809 | 277 | 532 | ||
145 | Test hole | NE NW sec. 27 | 48 | June 19, 1944 | 5.3 | 154 7.68 |
17 1.40 |
64 .28 |
445 7.30 |
84 1.75 |
90 25 |
0.3 .02 |
2.5 .04 |
501 | 454 | 365 | 89 | |||
147 | A. T. and S. F. Railway | NE SW sec. 28 | 69.9 | Nov. 22, 1943 | 12 | 197 9.83 |
18 1.48 |
21 .91 |
465 7.63 |
149 3.10 |
44 1.24 |
0.1 .01 |
15 .24 |
689 | 566 | 382 | 184 | |||
T. 11 S., R. 23 E. | ||||||||||||||||||||
149 | Camp Theodore Naish | SW NW sec. 27 | Nov. 22, 1943 | .48 | 157 7.83 |
21 1.73 |
5.5 .24 |
407 6.67 |
128 2.66 |
13 37 |
0.1 .01 |
5.8 .09 |
534 | 478 | 334 | 144 | ||||
150 | Test hole | NW SE sec. 28 | 68 | June 23, 1944 | 66 | 2.8 | 149 7.44 |
14 1.15 |
35 1.52 |
306 5.02 |
184 3.83 |
44 1.24 |
0.2 .01 |
.66 .01 |
583 | 430 | 251 | 179 | ||
151 | Test hole | NW SE sec. 28 | 68 | June 22, 1944 | 59 | 11 | 189 9.43 |
18 1.48 |
15 .66 |
346 5.67 |
239 4.97 |
32 .90 |
0.2 .01 |
.97 .02 |
678 | 546 | 284 | 262 | ||
152 | Test hole | NW SE sec. 28 | 71 | June 21, 1944 | 65 | 20 | 158 7.88 |
14 1.15 |
49 2.15 |
332 5.44 |
218 4.53 |
42 1 18 |
0.2 .01 |
1.3 .02 |
668 | 452 | 272 | 180 | ||
153 | Test hole | SE cor. SW sec. 28 | 55 | June 27, 1944 | 60 | 16 | 140 6.99 |
14 1.15 |
18 .77 |
425 6.97 |
72 1.50 |
14 .39 |
0.2 .01 |
2.4 .04 |
489 | 407 | 348 | 59 | ||
154 | Test hole | NW NE sec. 33 | 55 | June 28, 1944 | 60 | 12 | 108 5.39 |
13 1.07 |
24 1.06 |
368 6.04 |
51 1.06 |
14 .39 |
0.2 .01 |
1.5 .02 |
408 | 323 | 302 | 21 | ||
155 | Test hole | NW NE soc. 33 | 52 | June 29, 1944 | 58 | 25 | 127 6.34 |
11 .90 |
14 .61 |
377 6.18 |
62 1.29 |
12 .34 |
0.2 .01 |
1.8 .03 |
442 | 362 | 309 | 53 | ||
156 | Test hole | SW NE sec. 33 | 56 | July 1, 1944 | 62 | 10 | 129 6.44 |
13 1.07 |
8.3 .36 |
337 5.53 |
91 1.89 |
15 .42 |
0.1 .01 |
1.5 .02 |
436 | 376 | 276 | 100 | ||
157 | Test hole | NW SE sec. 33 | 51 | July 1, 1944 | 59 | 10 | 102 5.09 |
14 1.15 |
6. .297 |
265 4.55 |
82 1.70 |
16 .45 |
0.1 .01 |
1.3 .02 |
365 | 312 | 218 | 94 | ||
158 | Test hole | NE SW sec. 33 | 41.5 | July 3, 1944 | 60 | 4.2 | 128 6.39 |
14 1.15 |
3.2 .14 |
348 5.71 |
73 1.52 |
15 .42 |
0.1 .01 |
1.5 .02 |
413 | 377 | 286 | 91 | ||
160 | Lone Star Cement Co. | NE SW sec. 28. | 80 | Oct. 25, 1943 | 61 | .21 | 127 6.34 |
16 1.32 |
36 1.57 |
281 4.61 |
135 1.81 |
61 1.72 |
0.2 .01 |
5.3 .08 |
7.0 | 38 | 521 | 383 | 230 | 153 |
161 | Test hole | NE SW sec. 28 | 85.5 | June 24, 1944 | 66 | 21 | 104 5.19 |
8.8 .72 |
25 1.08 |
240 3.94 |
108 2.25 |
27 .76 |
0.3 .02 |
1.5 .02 |
416 | 296 | 197 | 99 | ||
162 | Test hole | SE SE sec. 29 | 63 | June 24, 1944 | 60 | 52 | 131 6.54 |
10 .82 |
2.5 .11 |
312 5.12 |
86 1.79 |
18 .51 |
0.1 .01 |
2.4 .04 |
458 | 368 | 256 | 112 | ||
163 | Test hole | SE SE sec. 29 | 72.5 | June 26, 1944 | 59 | 14 | 138 6.89 |
12 .99 |
1.6 .07 |
334 5.48 |
90 1.87 |
20 .56 |
0.1 .01 |
2.1 .03 |
445 | 394 | 274 | 120 | ||
165 | City of Bonner Springs | SW NE sec. 32 | 57 | 1944 | 113 5.64 |
16 1.32 |
5.5 .24 |
331 5.43 |
70 1.46 |
9.0 .15 |
0.3 .02 |
2.6 .04 |
435 | 348 | 271 | 77 | ||||
167 | Test hole | NE cor. SW SW sec. 32 | 44 | June 27, 1944 | 60 | 58 | 85 4.24 |
13 1.07 |
25 1.08 |
317 5.20 |
31 .64 |
15 .42 |
0.3 .02 |
6.6 .11 |
392 | 266 | 260 | 6 | ||
a. One part per million is equivalent to one pound of substance per million pounds of water or 8.33 pounds per million gallons of water. b. An equivalent per million is a unit chemical equivalent weight of solute per million unit weights of solution. Concentration in equivalents per million is calculated by dividing the concentration in parts per million by the chemical combining weight of the substance or ion. c. Calculated. d. Sample collected from Missouri river adjacent to well 16. e. Total alkalinity, 537 parts per million; excess alkalinity, 33 parts per million. f. Total alkalinity, 644 parts per million; excess alkalinity, 120 parts per million. g. Total alkalinity, 429 parts per million; excess alkalinity, 51 parts per million. h. Total alkalinity, 286 parts per million; excess alkalinity, 20 parts per million. i. Total alkalinity, 387 parts per million; excess alkalinity, 143 parts per million. |
Chemical Constituents in Relation to Use
Dissolved Solids
When water is evaporated the residue that is left consists mainly of the mineral constituents listed above and generally includes a small quantity of organic material arid a little water of crystallization. Waters containing less than 500 parts per million of dissolved solids generally are satisfactory for domestic use and most industrial purposes, except for difficulties resulting from their hardness or excessive content of iron. Waters containing more than 1,000 parts per million are likely to include enough of certain constituents to produce a noticeable taste or to make the water unsuitable in some other respects.
The dissolved solids ranged from 437 to 1,154 parts per million in 21 .samples collected in the Missouri River Valley in the Fairfax District and ranged from 365 to 1,058 parts in 53 samples collected in the Kansas River Valley between Bonner Springs and Kansas City, Kansas. The 30 samples of water collected in the Kansas River Valley within Kansas City (Argentine, Armourdale, and Central Districts) contained dissolved solids ranging from 362 to 7,275 parts per million. The samples from 20 of the 28 wells in the Kansas River Valley within Kansas City contained more than 1,000 parts per million of dissolved solids. The quantities of dissolved solids in the samples of water analyzed are summarized in Table 6 and are shown graphically in Figure 9.
Table 6--Summary of the chemical characteristics of the samples of water collected from wells in the alluvium in the Kansas and Missouri River Valleys in the Kansas City, Kamas, area
Range in parts per million |
Number of samples | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fairfax district |
East Armourdale and Central districts |
West Armourdale and Argentine districts |
Kansas Valley west of Kansas City, Kansas |
|
Dissolved Solids | ||||
301-400 | 1 | 2 | ||
401-500 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 12 |
501-700 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
701-1,000 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
1,001-2,000 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 0 |
2,001-3,000 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
3,001-4,000 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
4,001-5,000 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
5,001-8,000 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Hardness | ||||
201-300 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
301-400 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 11 |
401-500 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
501-700 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
701-1,000 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
1,001-1,500 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
1,500-2,000 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Iron | ||||
0.1-1.0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
1.1-2.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2.1-50 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
5.1-10.0 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
10.1-15.0 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
15.1-20.0 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
20.1-25.0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
25.1-50.0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
More than 50 | 0 | 0 | 1 (a) | 2 |
Chloride | ||||
Less than 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
11-20 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
21-30 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
31-50 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
51-100 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
101-200 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
201-500 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
501-1,000 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
1,001-2,000 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
2,001-5,000 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
a. 416 parts per million. |
Figure 9--Dissolved solids in the waters in the alluvium in the Kansas and Missouri River Valleys.
Hardness
The hardness of water, which is the property that receives the most attention as a general rule, is most commonly recognized by its effects when soap is used with the water in washing. Calcium and magnesium cause almost all the hardness of ordinary water. These constituents are also the active agents in the formation of the greater part of all the scale formed in steam boilers and in other vessels in which water is heated or evaporated.
In addition to the total hardness, the tables of analyses show the carbonate hardness and the noncarbonate hardness. The carbonate hardness is that due to the presence of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates which are almost entirely precipitated by boiling. In some reports this type of hardness is called temporary hardness. The noncarbonate hardness is due to the presence of sulfates or chlorides of calcium and magnesium; it is not removed by simply bringing the water to the boiling point, and has sometimes been called permanent hardness. With reference to use with soaps, there is no difference between the carbonate and noncarbonate hardness. In general, the noncarbonate hardness forms harder scale in steam boilers.
Water having a hardness of less than 50 parts per million generally is rated as soft, and its treatment for the removal of hardness under ordinary circumstances is not necessary. Hardness between 50 and 150 parts per million does not seriously interfere with the use of water for most purposes; however, it does slightly increase the consumption of soap, and its removal by a softening process is profitable for laundries or other industries using large quantities of soap. Waters in the upper part of this range of hardness will cause considerable scale in steam boilers. Hardness above 150 parts per million can be noticed by anyone, and if the hardness is above 200 or 300 parts per million it is common practice to soften water for household use or to install cisterns to collect soft rain water.
Water samples collected in the Kansas and Missouri Valleys ranged in hardness from 227 to 1,548 parts per million. Only 6 of the 72 samples had less than 300 parts per million of hardness and only 38 samples contained less than 500 parts of hardness. As shown on Figure 10 and summarized in Table 6 the ground water in the Kansas River Valley west of Kansas City is not as hard as that in the Missouri River Valley.
Figure 10--Total hardness in the waters in the alluvium of the Kansas and Missouri River Valleys.
Iron
Next to hardness, iron is the constituent of natural waters that in general receives the most attention. The quantity of iron in ground waters may differ greatly from place to place, even though the waters are derived from the same formation. If a water contains much more than 0.1 part per million of iron, the excess may precipitate and settle as a reddish sediment. Iron may be removed from most waters by simple aeration and filtration, but a few waters require the addition of lime or some other substance.
All but 3 of the samples of water collected in the Missouri and Kansas River Valleys contained more than 2.0 parts per million of iron (Tables 5 and 6). Most of the samples of water contained more than 5.0 parts per million of iron and 12 samples contained more than 20 parts. One sample collected at the Sinclair Refining Company in the Argentine District contained 416 parts per million of iron.
Chloride
Water containing less than 150 parts per million of chloride is not objectionable for most uses but that containing more than 350 parts per million is objectionable for irrigation or industrial use. Water containing more than about 500 parts per million becomes objectionable to the taste.
The quantities of chloride in the samples of water collected in the Kansas and Missouri Valleys are summarized in Table 6 and are shown graphically in Figure 11. The samples of water from the Missouri River Valley and from the Kansas River Valley west of Kansas City contained less than 100 parts per million of chloride. The samples of water collected in the Argentine, Armourdale, and Central Districts contained much greater amounts of chloride; 13 samples contained more than 200 parts per million of chloride and 5 samples contained more than 1,000 parts.
Figure 11--Chloride content of waters in the alluvium in the Kansas and Missouri River Valleys.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The hydrogen-ion concentration is of importance. with reference to the corrosiveness of waters. The pH value of a water is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the gram ionic hydrogen equivalents per liter. Thus a low value of pH means a high concentration of hydrogen-ions, or acidity, and a high value of pH indicates a low concentration of hydrogen-ions. A neutral water has a pH of 7.0. The pH values of the waters were determined by Mr. Stoltenberg using portable apparatus at the time of collection of the samples.
The pH of 14 water samples collected in the Kansas and Missouri River Valleys ranged from 6.1 to 7.5. Four samples of water collected in the Argentine and west Armourdale Districts had pH values of 6.1, 6.8, 6.8, and 7.0, respectively. The pH values of the five samples of water collected in the East Armourdale and Central Districts were 7.0 or higher.
Temperature of Ground Water
The great advantage of ground water in this area for cooling is not only its relatively low temperature, but its uniform temperature throughout the year, which approximates the mean annual temperature of the air. The temperature of water in wells located near the river may be affected considerably by the infiltration of river water but the temperature of water in anyone well that is not affected by the river probably does not vary more than 2° or 3° F. during the year. The temperatures of the waters in 62 wells and test holes were determined during 1943 and 1944 and are given in Table 7. The temperatures ranged from 52° to 66° F. but most of the waters had temperatures between 56° and 62° F. The range in temperature of the water in the 62 wells and test holes is summarized in Table 7.
Table 7--Range of temperature of water in wells and test holes in the Kansas City, Kansas, area
Temperature range ° F. |
Number of wells and test holes |
---|---|
52-54 | 4 |
55-56 | 2 |
57-58 | 11 |
59-60 | 20 |
61-62 | 17 |
63-64 | 4 |
65-66 | 4 |
The temperature of the water in the wells of the Federal Cold Storage Company, which are located near Missouri River in the Fairfax District, varies with the season. The minimum annual water temperature is about 55° F. and the maximum about 64° F. The maximum temperature in 1942 was 62° F.
The temperature measurements given in Table 5 and summarized in Table 7 indicate that the normal temperature of the ground water that is not affected by recharge from the river ranges from about 57° to 61° F. In wells near the river, the water may have a temperature considerably lower or higher than the normal water temperature, depending on the season. Temperatures as high as 66° F. and as low as 52° F. were observed but they were caused by seasonal recharging of the ground-water reservoir with river water.
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Kansas Geological Survey, Geohydrology
Placed on web Oct. 4, 2016; originally published February 1948.
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