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Meade County Geohydrology

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Contents

Abstract

Introduction

Purpose and scope of the investigation

Location and size of the area

Previous geologic and hydrologic work

Methods of investigation

Acknowledgements

Geography

Relief

Drainage

Climate

Population

Transportation

Agriculture

Natural resources and industries

Geology

Summary of stratigraphy

Geologic history and geomorphology

Paleozoic era

Mesozoic era

Cenozoic era

Tertiary period

Early Tertiary erosion

Late Tertiary deposition

Quaternary period

Development of sink holes

Meade lake

Recent deposition

Physiographic divisions

General features of ground water

Source

Principles of occurrence

The water table and movement of ground water

Shape and slope

Relation to topography

Fluctuations of the water table

Fluctuations caused by precipitation

Fluctuations caused by pumping

Recharge

Recharge from local precipitation

Recharge from streams

Discharge

Natural discharge at the surface

Discharge from wells

Artesian water

History of artesian water development in the Meade artesian basin

Principles of occurrence

Areas of artesian flow

Meade district

State Park district

Berghaus district

Big Springs Ranch district

Fowler district

Eastern district

The piezometric surface and movement of artesian water

Head of artesian water

Original head

Head in 1923

Head in 1939

Decline in head

Fluctuations in head

Fluctuations caused by precipitation

Fluctuations caused by changes in barometric pressure

Fluctuations caused by pumping

Discharge of artesian water

Natural discharge at the surface

Springs

Seepage into streams

Transpiration and evaporation

Discharge from artesian wells

Flowing wells

Nonflowing wells

Relation of spring flow to well discharge

Underground leakage

Summary of discharge

Recharge to the artesian basin

Shallow ground water in the artesian basin

Occurrence

The water table

Recharge

Recharge from local precipitation

Recharge from flowing and irrigation wells

Recharge by leakage through confining beds

Discharge

Discharge by transpiration and evaporation

Discharge from wells

Seepage into streams

Recovery of ground water

Principles of recovery

Wells

Dug wells

Bored wells

Drilled wells

Methods of construction

Wells in consolidated rocks

Wells in unconsolidated deposits

Methods of lift and type of pump

Springs

Utilization of water

Domestic and stock supplies

Public supplies

Irrigation supplies

Upland areas

Artesian basin

Possibilities of developing additional irrigation supplies

Upland areas

Artesian basin

Quality of water

Chemical constituents in relation to use

Total dissolved solids

Hardness

Iron

Fluoride

Water for irrigation

Sanitary considerations

Relation to stratigraphy and structure

Permian redbeds

Ogallala formation

Meade formation

Kingsdown silt and alluvium

Water-bearing formations

Physical properties of water-bearing materials

Permian system

General features

Water supply

Cretaceous system

General features

Water supply

Tertiary system

Laverne formation

Character

Distribution, thickness, and surface form

Age and correlation

Water supply

Ogallala formation

Character and subdivisions

Rexroad member

Caliche

Distribution, thickness, and surface form

Age and correlation

Water supply

Quaternary system

Meade formation

Character and subdivisions

Distribution, thickness, and surface form

Age and correlation

Water supply

Kingsdown silt

Character

Distribution, thickness, and surface form

Age and correlation

Water supply

Terrace deposits

Alluvium

Dune sand

Bibliography

Records of typical wells

Logs of test holes

Plates

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Kansas Geological Survey, Geologic History of Kansas
Comments to webadmin@kgs.ku.edu
Web version February 2004. Original publication date Dec. 1942.
URL=http://www.kgs.ku.edu/General/Geology/Meade/01_contents.html